Review, Evaluation & Analysis of a case study Essay

Review, Evaluation & Analysis of a case study - Essay Example However, Rosen (1998) emphasizes the importance of initial finance in ventures of small businesses. On the other hand, Santarelli& Vivarelli (2006) found a positive correlation between the choice of financing and the growth and survival of a venture. This paper explores the role of entrepreneurial finance in the entrepreneurial life cycle. According to Leach & Melicher (2003), the early phases of the entrepreneurship life cycle, the venture exhibits undercapitalization and in effect the entrepreneur must grab the different sources of capital. Mason (2007) discusses the role of informal sources of finances, which are often ignored in class room environment, but have significant role in the entrepreneurial life cycle. According to Preston (2007), angel investors are high net worth persons who inject funds in the early stage companies. Reminiscent of an American program, Shark Tank, that features high net worth individuals who are looking for investment opportunities in television. Kerr, Lerner & Schoar (2010) found out that angel investments improve entrepreneurial success. These opportunities for tapping capital at such early stages must occur as the venture progresses from startup through the survival stage. The major objective of the entrepreneurial finance is to assist the entrepreneurs through the life cycle of the venture to continually make better investment and financing decisions. The process covers the entire venture life cycle from startup to exit and inquires into issues such as deal structures, incentives, business models and valuation to a greater degree than normal equity management. Winton & Yerramilli (2008) in a comparison between bank and venture capital financing delved into the metrics of the choice between these two methods of financing a venture. According to N Berger & F Udell (1998), entrepreneurial finance plays an important role in small business as opposed to the large business. The small

Illinois and Audience Essay Example for Free

Illinois and Audience Essay In the start of President Obama’s speech, he starts out by using the term Anaphora†Hello, Colorado! (Applause.) Thank you! Are you fired up? Are you ready to go? (Applause.) Are you fired up?† This helps him to get the audience ready for his speech, and it creates a good atmosphere which also helps him to make a great speech In his speech Barak Obama uses a lot of pathos laden phrases to help him engage his audience and persuade them to agree with him. We see this in his speech when he introduces some good friends â€Å"Weve got some good friends here today. Youve got your outstanding governor, John Hickenlooper†¦And all of you are here, which makes me excited.†This is an example of pathos because, Barak Obama appeals to the audience emotions by referring to other important political people who is from Denver, and by finishing up his sentence by saying that the audience makes him exited. By evoking this sentiment in his audience, Obama manages to get the audience going, and ready to hear more of what Obama has to say. Which is a very important why to start off, because then he knows that the audience is listing to him. We also see this in his speech when he starts to talk about Romney’s politics† It turns out its not a five-point plan Governor Romney has got, its a one-point plan†¦ And weve been working for four years to clean up this mess that these policies left behind.†This is an example of pathos because, when Obama talks about Governor Romney’s politics he tries to connect to the audience emotion, and he also tries to convince them that his politics is the right one. Obama thereby achieves to get his audience to agree with him, when he criticizes Governor Romney’s politics. He succeeds in doing it, when he tells about that Romney has a five point plan, when it’s only a one which they already tried before Obama took of fice. And that plan took America into the worst economic crises since the Great Depression. In his speech Obama uses logos by appealing to the audience sense. We see this in his speech when he talks about voting† Don’t boo vote. (Applause.) Vote. That’s the way to show your opinion, is to vote† This is a clear example of logos because he clearly appeals to the sense of the audience. By appealing to the sense of the audience, Obama succeeds in getting his message out; that it is important that you vote, instead of just complaining about the other parties view. He is telling that the only way you can get your opinion out, is to vote. A little later in Obama’s speech, he appeals to the audience sense again, we see this in his speech when he talks about the symptoms of romnesia, and tells what the cure is.†But, Denver, I want you to know this: If you feel any symptoms coming on†¦ There’s a cure, Colorado, as long as you vote. (Applause.) Ther e’s a cure.† This is an example of logos because; Obama is again appealing to the audience sense that they need to vote for him. By appealing to the audience Obama achieves, to make sure that they know that he is the cure for Romnesia. By the word Romnesia, Obama uses the term pun; this helps him to create a negative feeling of the work, when you compare it to his own healthcare package â€Å"Obamacare†, with this term he also uses a pun just in a positive way, which creates a good feeling about the word. But the most important part of this quote is, that he makes sure that the audience, see him as the cure. You can say that he is using logos and pathos in this quote, because he is also trying to reach out after the audience emotions. During president Obama’s speech he uses a lot of different terms, the two I have concentrated about is pathos and logos. I find these two terms very important, because it helps him construct a good flowing speech, while he also gets the audience or the ones watching it in TV to agree with him, that’s how he uses pathos. For the once who isn’t sure of what they are going to vote or if they are going to vote, here he uses logos to reach out to the sense audience and tries to help them decide on voting for him.

Internet Censorship Survey Essay -- Technology Computers Essays

Internet Censorship Survey Topics of censorship involving the different media have always drawn lively responses from people when asked about them. The media categories of television, printing and recordings now include the Internet. I conducted a survey of people to find out their opnion on the new medium. I asked people, "Do you think that there should be censorship on the Internet?". I conducted this survey during the week of February 14, 1997. I particularly chose this question because of these reasons: the recent news stories of children being lured into harm after being contacted via Internet; the reports of the availability of pornography; the recent cases tried on the bases of obscenity laws; the forthcoming U.S. Supreme Court hearing on Internet censorship; my own awareness of what is available on the Internet; the fast-pace growth and presence of the Internet, and the controversy of censorship on other mediums. Before conducting the survey, I predicted that Internet users would answer no to censorship on the Internet in overwhelming numbers. So, I would have to ask if the person used the Internet. I also predicted that my question would be perceived as important only to Internet users-- that I would have to convince someone that does not use the Internet to answer my survey. I even thought that I might conduct some of the survey on the Internet. I would find out later that there were plenty of Internet users in my survey without conducting it online. I also predicted that younger participants would say no to censorship on the Internet. I predicted that the older the person was, the more likely that they would support censorship on the Internet. I believe this because of my own experiences. I still think ... ...would answer no to censorship on the Internet. Since eleven did answer no I was partially right. Because eight answered no and two maybe, I was partially wrong too. I had also predicted younger aged people would say no to censorship on the Internet. I placed this prognostication on my own experience. That was proven wrong. Age was not a factor. If there was a large population of teens in the survey, maybe the answer would be different. This could be a theme for another survey. In conclusion, I thought the survey yielded many statistics. It was taken in four places with a mix of people that were all different. The events of surveying that are the most memorable were the events not recorded. I have learned to survey people around me for answers to important topics. I believe that the next survey I conduct will have a box for other reactions and replies I receive.

Kewauna And Marita Comparison Essay Essay

Ambitious Bargains Have you ever wanted to prove somebody or even yourself that you could do better? Have you ever wanted to prove that you were better than what you were or where you came from? That’s what two girls named Kewauna and Marita wanted to do. Kewauna wanted to better her life with the OneGoal program, she took full advantage of her education by getting to know her professors and making them remember her, and anything she struggled with she made sure to study and pay extra attention to. Marita also wanted to take advantage of her education instead of telling her mom that she couldn’t handle the KIPP Academy she toughed through it, even with a 10 hour school day she will go home and study more leaving her with no social life at all, she also goes to school on Saturdays and goes to school during the summer so she can go onto high school. Kewauna and Marita are similar because they are both very ambitious, they both went to successful preparatory schools, and they both come from troubled backgrounds. Kewauna and Marita are both ambitious because they give up a part of their lives in order to break the stereotype that children from poverty and bad situations can be just as successful as rich kids already given that opportunity. One example of Kewauna being ambitious is when she said â€Å"No matter how overwhelming it is, no matter how exhausting it is, I’m not going to give up.† Another example of the two being ambitious is when Marita was telling the interviewer about her schedule like it was something a normal kid would have and she had a completely calm demeanor about the whole thing. Another example for Marita is when she is doing her homework as soon as she gets home from school she goes straight to her homework and doesn’t really want to take a break from it, not even to eat. Another comparison you can make between Marita and Kewauna is that they both went to strict prep schools. Kewauna went to a preparatory school by the name OneGoal, it was dedicated to turning extremely struggling students into  college ready scholars. â€Å"Of the 128 students, including Kewauna, who started OneGoal as juniors at six Chicago high schools in the fall of 2009, ninety-six were enrolled in four-year colleges as of March 2012.† This proves that OneGoal is a fairly successful prep school. Marita went to a school called KIPP Academy where richer kids automatically had the upper hand because of the amount of money and lifestyle they were born into. The school was known for its ascendancy in math, and that may have caused Marita to major in Accounting now that she is in college. The final comparison you can make between the two is that they both came from troubled backgrounds, poor families, and bad neighborhoods with little to no opportunities before KIPP and OneGoal. Kewauna had a very troubling childhood until OneGoal, she was arrested at 15 for punching a police officer and she was also homeless for a time in her life. She decided to change her life for the better and start doing better in school after a family intervention about her behavior. There is the only slight difference between Kewauna and Marita, Marita was not a problematic child like Kawauna she just is one of the unfortunate people born in a not-so-nice neighborhood which lessened her chances of being successful significantly. Luckily, for both of Marita and Kewauna they have beaten that stereotype to pieces and they both enrolled in higher education. In conclusion, Marita and Kewauna can practically be twins. But in all seriousness, the two are strikingly similar in the way they have come up from practically nothing. They both went through some sort of program to help prepare them for their bright and shining future (KIPP and OneGoal). The two came up from the bottom and are on their way to the top of the top. Marita and Kewauna are role models for young girls in poverty and troubled homes that are constantly being reminded that they will never amount to anything. They tell them that if you are ambitious like me and you have plenty of work ethic you can get anywhere, you can do anything, you are unstoppable.

Ontology in Anselm, Descartes and Kant Essay

Ontology is a purported proof that God exists. The ontology provided by St. Anselm in the eleventh century set the standard in Western thought, and on which all subsequent ontology attempted to measure itself. Before the renaissance and the age of reason it was generally agreed that only a fool would deny the existence of God. Accordingly the ontology of St. Anselm employs the attitude of a fool – meaning some one without any of the higher concepts of philosophy – as the crux of the argument. The argument commences with a definition of God: â€Å"Now we believe that [the Lord] is something than which nothing greater can be thought† (81). The association made is to perfection, for only in perfection can we conceive nothing beyond. In traditional attempts at ontology the strategy was to find God amongst the splendor of his creation. Anselm, however, eschewed the evidence of experience and tried to affect a proof from pure thought. It is placed in the head of a simpleton, and in this way is made to appear as stemming from the innate mind, and not clouded by the errors of perceptual understanding. Anselm’s fool wants to cling to the idea that â€Å"God is not!† But such atheism does not strangle the thought processes inside the head. It necessarily searches for perfection, that being the natural inclination of man, which is to seek happiness, comfort, order, and so on. Can the fool imagine perfection, asks Anselm. The answer is that he cannot. For whatever ideal it fixes on, the mind surges past it for something even better. However, this relentless ascendancy within the mind presages the existence of perfection therein, for otherwise the mind chases after nothing. Now, since we have already identified perfection with God, the mind imagines God, and indeed strives towards it. Existence in the mind will not suffice as ontology. Therefore, as the next step in the argument, Anselm attempts to measure the idea with reality. We must next consider whether that which has been imagined as perfect has a corresponding reality beyond the mind. If it does not then we have a contradiction. For being in the mind alone we are then able to imagine something even greater than it. That which was imagined as perfect now turns out have something that is more perfect than it. Anselm is sure that he has found a contradiction here. So he proceeds to conclude:   â€Å"Therefore, there is no doubt that something than which a greater cannot be thought exists both in the understanding and in reality† (82). Descartes, though largely accepting this ontology, doesn’t accept the contradiction derived in the final step. He argues that reality has not been introduced at all, but only an idea if reality. In the final analysis the entire ontology is taking place in the head. It is an imagined God that Anselm proves, says, Descartes, not a real one. His correction, therefore, was to consider the phenomenal world after all. In this manner he laid out what has famously come to be known as â€Å"Cartesian doubt†. The world of sensory experience, when examined philosophically, naturally induces doubt, for all perspectives are subjective. It is impossible to construe an objective form subjective sensory experience. But instead of holding back doubt Descartes allows it full reign. He starts to explore what else can be doubted. Soon it is found that not only material reality, but also all the perceptions and ideas of the mind must also be doubted, for they all stem from the same faculty of understanding. But his doubting reach must come to and end eventually, when he comes to consider consciousness itself. Descartes discovers that he is unable to doubt the â€Å"I†, for it is the â€Å"I† itself that is doubting, i.e. thinking. Thus his famous conclusion, â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† – I think, therefore I am (68). From the proof of self-existence to the proof of God is a simple step. A self that is subject to doubt is imperfect, and therefore implies the existence of Creator who is perfect. Kant, in turn, comes to dismiss both these attempts at ontology on the simple premise that existence is not a predicate. In other words, it is meaningless to say simply â€Å"God is.† Our concepts of understanding allow us to apply reason in the form of sentences that contain both subject and predicate. So that we can say that ‘God is good’, or that ‘God is merciful’. But simply ‘God is’ is not meaningful, and human understanding does not allow such speculation. In effect, Kant is saying that ontology is not possible. This is in concord with the rest of Kant’s philosophy, which emphasizes that we are not able to pronounce on the noumenal world, i.e. on â€Å"things in themselves†. He describes three categories of noumena – the soul, the material world, and God, the last being the source of the first two. Therefore God is definitely part of Kant’s philosophical scheme, only that he remains beyond human understanding, and we cannot even pronounce on God is the simplest form – ‘God is.† Just as we cannot know anything about the soul, or the material world, as things in themselves, but only come to know the consequences of them. Our understanding is limited to the phenomenal world, where practical reason applies. Kant also speculates on the existence of a transcendental â€Å"pure reason†, that which overcomes the anomalies of practical reason. Pure reason is identified as an end in itself, and is thus identified with perfection. He stipulates it as a moral imperative that we pursue â€Å"pure reason† as the highest goal. Yet he refuses to identify this perfection with God, and differs with Anselm on this point. He also differs with Descartes’ ‘cogito, ego sum’, and complains that logic is being applied to derive existence, the rationale being that the part cannot be used to explain the whole. The least objectionable ontology, in my opinion, is that of St. Anselm’s. To make this point I will show that the refutations put forward by Descartes and Kant are not appropriate. Descartes’ complaint was that the proof given by Anselm is wholly ideal, without reference to the phenomenal world to give it substance. But Anselm does indeed refer to the phenomenal world, when he introduces the postulate that the ideal of perfection has no corresponding existence in the real world. In fact on this postulate the entire argument hinges, for it is used to derive the contradiction, from whence the ontology ensues. â€Å"Cartesian doubt† a merely a long-winded way of coming to the same conclusion. Kant’s complaint, on the other hand, is not really an argument at all, but rather a boast that he has not has to use the words â€Å"God exists† anywhere in his philosophy. For to pick on the grammar of â€Å"God exists† on the justification that the noumenal world is unknowable is taking matters too strictly. Even accepting Kant’s theory, it is not right that we desist from pronouncing the existence of God. He may not have done so explicitly, but Kant does indeed pronounce of the existence of God in the implicit sense. As a moral precept to action he gives us the categorical imperative: â€Å"I am never to act otherwise than so that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law† (13). The universal law is pertaining to the moral law, which is described as an end itself, and therefore is no different from the idea of perfection. An imperative is only categorical when it works universally, without contingency. To paraphrase Kant, the rationale of human existence is to pursue the moral life in order to attain to perfection, in other words, God. Other than the fastidious insistence of grammar, Kant does not really object to Anselm’s ontology. With both Descartes’ and Kant’s objections discredited, Anselm’s ontology must stand as the best, being the simplest and most intuitive. Works Cited Anselm. Basic Writings. Translated by Thomas Williams. Boston: Hackett Publishing, 2007. Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies. Translated by John Cottingham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Kant, Immanuel. Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.   

Chemosynthesis Definition and Examples

Chemosynthesis Definition and Examples Chemosynthesis is the conversion of carbon compounds and other molecules into organic compounds. In this biochemical reaction, methane or an inorganic compound, such as hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen gas, is oxidized to act as the energy source. In contrast, the energy source for photosynthesis (the set of reactions through which carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen) uses energy from sunlight to power the process. The idea that microorganisms could live on inorganic compounds was proposed by Sergei Nikolaevich Vinogradnsii (Winogradsky) in 1890, based on research conducted on bacteria which appeared to live from nitrogen, iron, or sulfur. The hypothesis was validated in 1977 when the deep sea submersible Alvin observed tube worms and other life surrounding hydrothermal vents at the Galapagos Rift. Harvard student Colleen Cavanaugh proposed and later confirmed the tube worms survived because of their relationship with chemosynthetic bacteria. The official discovery of chemosynthesis is credited to Cavanaugh. Organisms that obtain energy by oxidation of electron donors are called chemotrophs. If the molecules are organic, the organisms are called chemoorganotrophs. If the molecules are inorganic, the organisms are terms chemolithotrophs. In contrast, organisms that use solar energy are called phototrophs. Chemoautotrophs and Chemoheterotrophs Chemoautotrophs obtain their energy from chemical reactions and synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide. The energy source for chemosynthesis may be elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, molecular hydrogen, ammonia, manganese,  or iron. Examples of chemoautotrophs include bacteria and methanogenic archaea living in deep sea vents. The word chemosynthesis was originally coined by Wilhelm Pfeffer in 1897 to describe energy production by oxidation of inorganic molecules by autotrophs (chemolithoautotrophy). Under the modern definition, chemosynthesis also describes energy production via chemoorganoautotrophy. Chemoheterotrophs cannot fix carbon to form organic compounds. Instead, they can use inorganic energy sources, such as sulfur (chemolithoheterotrophs) or organic energy sources, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids (chemoorganoheterotrophs). Where Does Chemosynthesis Occur? Chemosynthesis has been detected in hydrothermal vents, isolated caves, methane clathrates, whale falls, and cold seeps. It has been hypothesized the process may permit life below the surface of Mars and Jupiters moon Europa. as well as other places in the solar system. Chemosynthesis can occur in the presences of oxygen, but it is not required. Example of Chemosynthesis In addition to bacterial and archaea,  some larger organisms rely on chemosynthesis. A good example is the giant tube worm which is found in great numbers  surrounding deep hydrothermal vents. Each worm houses chemosynthetic bacteria in an organ called a trophosome. The bacteria oxidize sulfur from the worms environment to produce the nourishment the animal needs. Using hydrogen sulfide as the energy source, the reaction for chemosynthesis is: 12 H2S 6 CO2 → C6H12O6 6 H2O 12 S This is much like the reaction to produce carbohydrate via photosynthesis, except photosynthesis releases oxygen gas, while chemosynthesis yields solid sulfur. The yellow sulfur granules are visible in the cytoplasm of bacteria that perform the reaction. Another example of chemosynthesis was discovered in 2013 when bacteria were found living in basalt below the sediment of the ocean floor. These bacteria were not associated with a hydrothermal vent. It has been suggested the bacteria use hydrogen from the reduction of minerals in seawater bathing the rock. The bacteria could react hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce methane. Chemosynthesis in Molecular Nanotechnology While the term chemosynthesis is most often applied to biological systems, it can be used more generally to describe any form of chemical synthesis brought about by random thermal motion of reactants. In contrast, mechanical manipulation of molecules to control their reaction is called mechanosynthesis. Both chemosynthesis and mechanosynthesis have the potential to construct complex compounds, including new molecules and organic molecules. Resources and Further Reading Campbell, Neil A., et al. Biology. 8th ed., Pearson, 2008.Kelly, Donovan P., and Ann P. Wood. â€Å"The Chemolithotrophic Prokaryotes.† The Prokaryotes, edited by Martin Dworkin, et al., 2006, pp. 441-456.Schlegel, H.G. â€Å"Mechanisms of Chemo-Autotrophy.† Marine Ecology: a Comprehensive, Integrated Treatise on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters, edited by Otto Kinne, Wiley, 1975, pp. 9-60.Somero, Gn. â€Å"Symbiotic Exploitation of Hydrogen Sulfide.† Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, 1987, pp. 3-6.

12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know

12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know 12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know 12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know By Mark Nichol What is the origin of various symbols used in English, and when is the use of each appropriate? Here’s a guide to twelve common signs, including how they developed and in which contexts they are used or avoided. 1. (Ampersand) The ampersand was, at least until well into the nineteenth century, treated as the twenty-seventh letter of the alphabet, but its star has fallen, so that now it is used only informally except in registered names of businesses (â€Å"Ay, Bee See Inc.†), which should be written as rendered; a comma preceding it is extraneous. The symbol comes from the cursive formation of the Latin word et (â€Å"and†), and the name is a slurring contraction of â€Å"and per se and,† which used to terminate schoolroom recitals of the alphabet: The phrase means â€Å"and by itself and†; instead of reciting, â€Å". . . W, X, Y, Z, and,† children said, â€Å". . . W, X, Y, Z, and per se and† to clarify that â€Å"and† referred to a list item rather than serving as a conjunction for an item that was left unuttered. The symbol is also seen in c. (â€Å"et cetera†), an alternate form of etc. American Psychological Association (APA) style allows the ampersand to link author names in an in-text citation (â€Å"Laurel Hardy, 1921†), but other style guides call for using the word and. 2. * (Asterisk) The asterisk is used to call out a footnote or to refer to an annotation of special terms or conditions, to substitute for letters in profanity (â€Å"Oh, s***!†) or a name rendered anonymous (â€Å"the subject, M***†), to serve as a low-tech alternative to a typographical bullet, or provide emphasis in place of boldface (â€Å"Do *not* go there the food is awful.†). It also has many specialized technical usages. Its name is derived from the Greek term asteriskos, meaning â€Å"little star,† and it was originally applied to distinguish date of birth from other references to years. 3. @ (At Sign) Until the age of e-mail, the at sign was restricted mostly to commercial use, in purchase orders and the like, to mean â€Å"at the rate of† (â€Å"Order 1K widgets @ $2.50 per.†). It’s also used in displays of schedules for competitive sports to identify the event venue. Now it’s ubiquitous in email addresses and in social-networking usage, as well as computer protocols, but outside of those contexts, it is considered inappropriate for all but the most informal writing. 4.  ¢ (Cent) This symbol for cent (from the Latin word centum, meaning â€Å"hundred†), unlike its cousin the dollar sign it’s also used in many monetary systems other than that of US currency is rare except in informal usage or for price tags. When it does appear, unlike the dollar sign, it follows rather than precedes the numeral, though as in the case of the dollar sign, no space intervenes. The equivalent usage in a context where dollar signs are employed is to treat the amount as a decimal portion of a dollar (â€Å"$0.99†); for clarity, a zero should always be inserted between the dollar sign and the decimal point. The sign probably originated to distinguish an ordinary c from one denoting a monetary amount. 5.  ° (Degree Sign) The sign for degrees of arc or degrees of temperature, which started out as a superscripted zero, was chosen for consistency with use of the minute (†²) and second marks (†³) employed in geometry and geography; those symbols originally stood for the Latin numerals I and II. The degree sign appears in technical contexts, but in general-interest publications, the word degree is generally used. In references to temperature, the symbol (and the designation of the temperature scale) immediately follows the associated numerical figure (â€Å"45 °C†). This style is true of many publishing companies, though the US Government and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures prescribe a space between the number and the symbol (â€Å"45  °C†), while other publications omit the first letter space but insert another between the symbol and the abbreviation (â€Å"45 ° C†). 6. (Ditto Sign) The ditto sign, first attested three thousand years ago, signals that text shown above is to be repeated, as in a list in which the same quantity of various materials is intended to be expressed: apples 24 bananas oranges The word ditto, meaning â€Å"said,† derives from the Tuscan language, the immediate ancestor of Italian, but was borrowed into English hundreds of years ago. The word, its abbreviation (do.), and the symbol are considered inappropriate for most writing, though the term has often been used in informal spoken and written language to mean â€Å"(the same as) what he/she said.† Although the symbol has a distinct character code for online writing, straight or curly close quotation marks are usually employed to produce it. 7. $ (Dollar Sign) This symbol for the American dollar and many other currencies was first used to refer to the peso, which inspired the American currency system. Various origin stories for the symbol come in and out of fashion, but it’s most likely that it developed from an abbreviation of pesos in which the initial p preceded a superscript s; the tail of the initial was often superimposed on the s. A dollar sign with two vertical lines is a less common variant. Most books and other formal publications tend to spell out dollars in association with a (spelled-out or numerical) figure, but periodicals usually use the symbol, as do specialized books about finance or business or others with frequent references to money. In international publications, when the symbol is used, for clarity, it is combined with the abbreviation US (â€Å"US$1.5 million† or â€Å"US $1.5 million†). The dollar sign is also used as an abbreviated reference to various functions in computer programming and similar contexts. 8. # (Number or Pound Sign, or Hash) This symbol evolved from the abbreviation for pound, lb. (a literal abbreviation for the Roman word libra, meaning â€Å"balance†), in which horizontal lines were superimposed on the vertical lines of the letters, producing something like the tic-tac-toe pattern used today. One of many other names for the sign, octotherp (also spelled octothorp or otherwise), was a jocular coinage by telecommunications engineers in the mid-twentieth century. The symbol is seldom used outside informal or highly technical or otherwise specialized contexts. 9. % (Percent) The sign for indicating percentage developed in the Middle Ages over the course of hundreds of years, beginning as an abbreviation of percent (from the Latin phrase per centum, meaning â€Å"out of a hundred†). Its use is recommended only in technical contexts or in tabular material, where space it at a premium. (Some standards authorities call for a space between a number and this symbol, but most publications and publishers omit the space.) 10. ~ (Tilde) The tilde is used as a diacritical mark over various letters to indicate a variety of sounds in different languages, but it also appears midline, like a dash (and is sometimes called a swung dash), to denote â€Å"approximately (â€Å"Last night’s attendance: ~100†). It has technical connotations as well and is even used as a notation for recording sequences of action in juggling. The name, borrowed into English through Portuguese and Spanish from Latin, means â€Å"title.† 11. / (Slash, Solidus, Stroke, or Virgule) During the Middle Ages, this sign of many names, including those listed above, served as a comma; a pair denoted a dash. The double slash was eventually tipped horizontally to become an equal sign and later a dash or hyphen. (The equal sign is still used as a proofreader’s mark to indicate insertion of a hyphen.) The slash also called the forward slash to distinguish it from the backslash, which is used only in technical contexts is an informal substitute for or. 12. _ (Underscore or Understrike) This artifact from the era of the typewriter was used on such devices to underline words to indicate emphasis in lieu of italics. As a survival of that function, words are sometimes bracketed by a pair of single underscores in email and other computer contexts to mark a word for emphasis (â€Å"That band totally _rocked_ the place.†). Indeed, as I typed this post in Microsoft Word, the program automatically converted rocked to italics. The symbol also appears frequently in email and website addresses and other technical contexts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?41 Words That Are Better Than Good55 "House" Idioms

Using the Spanish Verb Andar

Using the Spanish Verb Andar In its normal usage, the verb andar means to walk. However, it is often used more broadly with a vague meaning that isnt readily translatable- meaning something along the line of to function, to do, to go along, or even simply to be. Examples of Using Andarfor Walking Here are some examples of the verb being used with its common, most literal meaning: Yo andaba con mi amigo Adry. (I walked with my friend Adry.)Cada maà ±ana, Pedro andaba cuatro kilà ³metros. (Every morning, Pedro walked four kilometers.)Ella anduvo llorando el camino a su casa. (Crying, she walked the road to her house.)Vamos a andar por las calles y los neighborhoods de nuestra ciudad. (We are going to walk through the streets and villages of our city.) In many cases, andar can be used more broadly to mean simply to travel or to go: Todo el mundo andaba a pie pero los de la clase media andbamos en tranvà ­a. (Everybody traveled by foot, but we in the middle class traveled by streetcar.)Ms del 70 por ciento de los nià ±os andan en bicicleta. (More than 70 percent of the children bicycle.)Ando tras mi gato, que desaparecià ³. (Im going after my cat, who disappeared.) Andar Meaning ‘To Behave’ Andar can be used to refer acting or behaving in various ways. The reflexive form andarse is often used in this way. Tu nobleza innata no te permità ­a andar con malicia ni trampear. (Your innate honor doesnt allow you to behave maliciously nor to cheat people.)  Se andaron muy estrictos en mantener el anonimato absoluto. (They acted in a very disciplined fashion to maintain absolute anonymity.)  Los empleadores chinos se andan con cautela. (The Chinese employers are behaving cautiously.) Andar Meaning ‘To Function’ When a thing is the subject of the sentence, andar can be used to mean to function (much like the English verb to run can sometimes be used in the same way). Si se humedece esa motocicleta no anda. (If it gets wet, that motorcycle doesnt run.)Hay seà ±ales que no anda bien la conexià ³n. (There are signs that the connection isnt working well.)Mi telà ©fono no anda para llamar a ciertos nà ºmeros. (My telephone doesnt work for calling certain numbers.) Using Andar With a Gerund When followed by a gerund (a verb form ending in -ando or -endo), andar can mean something similar to go about. It can even be less specific in terms of action than that, serving as kind of a substitute for estar, forming a kind of a continuous tense. Translation will depend largely on the context. Andaba hablando consigo mismo. (He went around talking to himself.)Ahora nadie anda comprando esas blusas. (Now nobody is buying those blouses.)Habà ­a una gran piara de cerdos, que andaban comiendo en la falda del monte. (There was a large herd of pigs that were going about eating on the mountainside.)Los astrà ³nomos, que siempre andan estudiando el cielo, han llegado a pensar que muchas de las estrellas pueden tener planetas. (Astronomers, who are always studying the sky, have come to believe that many of the stars could have planets.) Andar Translated as ‘To Be’ In some cases, andar has vague enough of a meaning that it can be translated as to be.  ¿Andas por aquà ­? (Are you from around here?)Ahora se estima que la inversià ³n andar por los $30 millones. (Now it is estimated that the investment must be about $30 million.)Silvia hoy anda por los 43 aà ±os. (Sylvia today is 43 years old.)Muchas veces anda mal de dinero. (Hes often short on money.)Mi madre anda muy preocupada. (My mother is very worried.)Mi tà ­o andaba borracho. (My uncle was drunk.) Conjugation and Etymology of Andar Andar is irregular in the indicative preterite (yo anduve, tà º anduviste, à ©l/ella/usted anduvo, nosotros/nosotras anduvimos, vosotros/vosotras anduvisteis, ellos/ellas/ustedes anduvieron) and the imperfect subjunctive (anduviera, anduvieras, anduviera, anduvià ©ramos, anduvierais, anduvieran) tenses. It is regular in all other tenses. Andar comes from the Latin verb ambulÄ re, meaning to walk. That makes it a cousin of English words such as ambulatory and ambulance. Key Takeaways The most common, literal meaning of andar is to walk, although it can refer more generally to traveling or otherwise engaging in a motion.Even more broadly, andar can refer to how a person or thing behaves, goes about doing something, or exists.When a machine or other device is the subject of andar, andar can refer to how it runs or operates.

Management and Leadership development Assignment

Management and Leadership development - Assignment Example As the workforce is the valuable asset of a company, it is vital for the managers to ensure co-ordination among the widely dispersed operations around the world. HR department has to ensure that the changes in the organisations are easily accepted by the employees working within the firms and help them in aligning their tasks with the ever changing and dynamic business environment (Jayawickrama, 2011; Walumbwa et al., 2008). According to Baron and Cayer (2011), leadership development is a process or activity which enhances the leadership quality that is possessed by an individual so that the person can lead a team or show an appropriate course of action to an organisation so that it can move in the right direction. Since, it has become a mandatory requirement in most of the organisations, the activities of the leadership development comprise of MBA programs that are offered at the business schools (Drew, 2011), action learning courses and retreats done by executives (Bolden, 2007; Whitehead, 2009). The leaders have to develop the competencies and skills in their personalities so that they can manage their followers and motivate them to get engaged in activities that will be beneficial for themselves and the community as a whole (Ardichvili & Manderscheid, 2008; Yulk, 2010). There is no precise explanation of the qualities that make a person qualified for the position of a good effective leader (Yammarino et al., 2008). However, it is believed that an effective leader is one who can share perceptions, communicate with others clearly, motivate the subordinates, be responsive to the needs of the group members, encourage team efforts, willing to take risks and possess the ability of setting vision and goals (Popper, 2005; Tahilramani, 2010). It is generally believed that the leaders like any other professional such as an entrepreneur, doctor, engineer, artist and etc. are born and they cannot be made (Dalakoura, 2010). There are some people

Britain ID Cards Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Britain ID Cards Debate - Essay Example Yes, a law was broken. Even though Transport Security Administration Officials argue that they did not violate the Privacy Act of 1974, the fact is that 5 million JetBlue customers had an expectation of privacy and did not consent to their personal information being turned over to a third party. They submitted their information for the purpose of obtaining a specific service and when doing so, did not consent to the passing of their information to any other party. Accordingly, in my opinion, both the spirit and the letter of the law were violated. According to several sources, such as CNet, Wikipedia, and DarkNet, the first computer virus struck in the early years of the 1970s and was called the Creeper virus. The exact year of its release is unknown but it is commonly regarded as the first computer network virus. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a protocol that Netscape created. In brief, it enables the establishment of a secure connection between web servers and web clients. Generally speaking, SSL employs the public key cryptology system as a means of ensuring data security during a transmission process. In an SSL session, both client and server create a unique session key which will be used for the encryption of sensitive data during SSL data exchange process. WRAM stands for Windows Random Access Memory. It is a type of RAM developed by Samsung Electronics for the achievement of faster display performance. WRAM is capable of the faster display as it supports two ports, allowing the video adapter to fetch and display images while new image bytes are being loaded into its memory. It is, thus, much faster than the single port RAM 1) Name Netsky.P Description: In 2005, PC Magazine published an April Fool’s story which claimed that the Center for Disease Control had discovered that the Netsky.

Stress Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Stress Management - Assignment Example The responses to the stressor depict the developmental stages of these family members (Gradus et al., 2014). In perspective, the son is in early childhood development stage while the husband is in the old age stage. On the other hand, the daughter is middle-aged and the patient is in the adulthood stage of development. The RN determines whether the defense mechanism is harmful or helpful through the analyzing the symptoms of the client. For instance, in the denial stage, the client might start to act negatively like withdrawal from the public. Nursing diagnosis The mother is facing a risk for the post-trauma syndrome and it is emanating from the loss of her felinity coupled with social discrimination. The symptoms are grieving over her femininity loss. The husband is having a difficult time to cope with the family stress (Gradus et al., 2014). The ineffective coping comes from the family image due to the loss of femininity of the wife and symptoms are engaging in religious activities to cover up the family’s image. Further, the daughter is suffering from the readiness to enhance the family coping strategies. The situation comes up from the mother’s state and she wants to help her cope with the mastectomy stress. The case has characteristics of overindulging in her mother’s activities as a mechanism to help her cope. Moreover, the son has ineffective denial whereby he fails to agree to the mother’s situation and gets characterized by total refusal to concede to his mother’s situation.

The story of an hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The story of an hour - Essay Example It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.† The newly bereaved widow goes from deep despair to unspeakable joy while looking out a window. The writer/narrator does not appear to view marriage favorably, but as a self-limiting trap. Lives of â€Å"quiet desperation† (Henry David Thoreau) is also for women. Consider the following: The monstrous joy †¦She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death...But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely †¦ And yet she had loved him--sometimes. Often she had not. She cared for her husband, she missed him, but â€Å"Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.† Mrs. Mallard looks forward to the future until a key turns in the lock, bringing about her own fatal heart attack. The irony is apparent. Did she die of shock at seeing the living apparition, or because of instant sadness of knowing he was still alive?

Persuasive writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Persuasive writing - Essay Example Out of this number, at least 4,922 deaths occurred owing to the Ebola virus (The World Health Organization, 2014). So far, the key response to controlling the spread of Ebola has been total isolation of affected areas, restriction of travel to affected areas, and thorough medical screening of persons arriving from affected areas, and these strategies have not recorded much success. This present essay seeks to persuade the audience that the best strategy to deal with the Ebola virus is to send health workers from all different countries into the affected areas in order to curb the spread of this disease. Those against this proposition would argue that restricting movements within the affected countries and even entry and exit from the countries is the best strategy of curbing the spread of Ebola to other parts of the World. The reasoning behind this opposition is that by sending health workers from other countries, there is high chances the health workers could be infected with virus and in turn transfer it to other parts of the world where they will travel. So far restricting of travel within, to, and from the affected areas has not yielded much success since there are new infections been reported although the rate of new infections is slow, moreover, new cases are reported in country assumed to very precautious such as the United States and Spain (BBC News Africa, 2014). According to Jim Yong Kim, the World Bank Group President, the best way to deal with the Ebola epidemic is to move in areas that are worst hit and try to curb its spread from within those affected areas (The World Bank Group, 2014). Because Ebola is not a common disease it means that health workers in the affected countries are probably not trained or familiar with the best approach in which to care for those infected and even handling of dead bodies. A collection of health workers from

The story of an hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The story of an hour - Essay Example It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.† The newly bereaved widow goes from deep despair to unspeakable joy while looking out a window. The writer/narrator does not appear to view marriage favorably, but as a self-limiting trap. Lives of â€Å"quiet desperation† (Henry David Thoreau) is also for women. Consider the following: The monstrous joy †¦She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death...But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely †¦ And yet she had loved him--sometimes. Often she had not. She cared for her husband, she missed him, but â€Å"Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.† Mrs. Mallard looks forward to the future until a key turns in the lock, bringing about her own fatal heart attack. The irony is apparent. Did she die of shock at seeing the living apparition, or because of instant sadness of knowing he was still alive?

An experiential Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An experiential - Assignment Example Apparently, I perceive my community as an important ‘sum’ to look at or respond to and in return, it also collects to itself from our individual ideas that share similar attributes and become responsible for the identity of our common sphere and necessary law which everyone is drawn to follow in the course of nature despite diversity in lifestyles we possess. In this regard, I can thus envision a future role in contributing to enhance the aspect of communication for the community in order that one’s insights and feelings are conveyed properly in the light of truth from which to recognize the real value of a member according to stable measures. For me, communication is amply indispensable that it makes me consider being designated in a teaching profession whereby I attain to the capacity of educating the youth with knowledge that is not only rich in colorful literature and good vocabulary, but even with values and application of the literary lessons yielded in the process to create inspiration for the rest of humanity to act righteously and joyfully at the same time. I believe that, in this manner, every motivation and learning spread via effective communication of wisdom taught would, with much certainty, improve the status of our community in the hope of advancing to a higher level of economic and social

The United States of America Essay Example for Free

The United States of America Essay The year is 2039 in the United States of America. There is a new mandatory government law and procedure that requires all American citizens to adhere to. The procedure is called the Ein which is a German word that means â€Å"one†. The procedure changes all normal human beings as we know them into super intelligent people and reconstructs them into beautiful beings. The process starts on an automatic escalator on which the human being rides, and travels from one machine to the next. The first machine controls the brain by using an automatic electronic head piece that descends from above onto the human head. The electronic headpiece shocks the brain and reprograms everything that is sympathetic such as emotions, empathy and creativity. After that part of the brain is completely numbed, the computer programming begins to transform the mind, turning everyone who enters into alienated, egocentric human beings. After the process is done, the human is totally dumbfounded and automatically moves to the next machine which is called the Van-Trans. To keep the human from feeling any pain, he or she is first injected with a super pain reliever and then the human’s skeleton reshapes into a human box. After the person is shaped like a box, the Van-Trans start the reshaping procedure. After molding and trimming, the person is created into a supermodel form. This is a governmental standard requirement for all people to follow who resides within the United States. All of the humans who are recreated are referred to as Supers by the government. Finally, when the procedure is finished, the Super is now allowed to exit the Machine. On one occasion after having the procedure done, there was a young woman who witnesses a little girl who was hurt in a car accident and she needed the young woman’s help. The little girl was unconscious and no one would help her because of how the required procedure affects everyone who has the procedure done. All of their emotions and compassion is removed during the procedure. Therefore, the woman just stepped right over the child having no feeling at all for the little girl. The world has been turned into a heartless society. The government has created a society that is numb to having feelings and worships their intellect and outer man. â€Å"Power has become so subtle and complex a thing [†¦] that only a subtle mind can watch it work; here it is still limited, still visible† (LeGuin 5). The people’s only power is their knowledge but they use their knowledge to get over on others who are not Supers like them. â€Å"Nothing succeeds like success† (LeGuin 5). Works Cited LeGuin, Ursula K. The Left Hand Of Darkness. New York: Walker And Company, 1969.

Factors that hinder development of sustainable tourism

Factors that hinder development of sustainable tourism 3.2 Analyze factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development. Factors that hinder or boom tourism, as there are different destinations so there are as many different types of travelers and as well different individual experiences. Travelling should be affordable however, cost is the primary factor that can affect the industry both local and international travelers. Cost do not limited to the ticket alone but the general price travelers will meet in the country of choice. Crime and violence within the society are significant barriers to the achievement of sustainable development, as it affects not only social well being but also economic development. Jamaicas high incidence of crime has resulted in loss of investments, in addition to direct effects on sectors such as tourism from which the country obtains most of its foreign exchange earnings. Although the overall number of crimes reported decreased marginally in 2001 compared with previous years, there were increases in major crimes in the island. Of growing concern has been the fact that most recent incidents of violence have been interpersonal in nature and this makes it harder to control. Another factor is safety. This is a primary concern of travelers of all types. Safety becomes particularly important when traveling abroad and to under develop countries. Widespread political unrest can cause even the most adventurous tourist to avoid visiting unstable countries. Outbreak of communicable diseases can also hinder tourism industries, especially because returning to home countries can be difficult during outbreaks. For instance, swine flu and H1N1 stopped many people from traveling abroad. Domestically, the crime rate of tourist areas, specifically traffic safety and incidents of petty theft, negatively affect the tourism industry. For theme parks, the safety record can also be a negative factor. Though every traveler arrives at their destination with an expectation of different types of amenities, the lack of certain amenities could deter even the most adventurous traveler. For instance, easily attained transportation is a major concern for both the budget and the luxury traveler. If public transportation is difficult to understand, unreliable or dangerous, budget tourists traveling abroad may be deterred from visiting your country. The same thing goes with private transportation for luxury travelers. Other amenities that affect tourism include clean water, affordable food and housing, easy visa processes and access to reliable medical care. The changes in global climatic conditions will result in increased temperatures, rainfall and sea level rise and more frequent hurricanes, droughts, and so forth. Weather plays an important role in the tourism industry. As most travelers to West Africa seek warm or mild temperatures with little rain while on vacation, areas that are prone to wet or cold weather do not thrive in the tourism economy. Climate change will impact not only on biodiversity and natural resources but on social development. The impact of sea level rise on the tourism industry could be profound if it results in increased beach erosion. The island’s two major international al airports are at sea level. Weather plays an important role in the tourism industry. As most travelers seek warm or mild temperatures with little rain while on vacation, areas that are prone to wet or cold weather do not thrive in the tourism economy. Rainy and cold seasons see decreased amounts of visitors throughout the Caribbean an d Central and South America. Similarly, incidences of extreme weather and national disasters prevent many travelers from visiting certain areas, as safety becomes a primary concern during these times. Jamaica is vulnerable to several natural hazards e.g. hurricane, tropical storms, flooding and landslides due to its geographical location. Flooding and landslides are the most recurring hazards. Priority actions must be geared toward disaster mitigation and rehabilitation, and reconstruction in light of the October to November 2001 flood damage in the parishes of Portland and St. Mary. The magnitude of the damage in these two parishes has highlighted the need for proper land use planning and zoning regulations and enforcement. These entire factors can prevent sustainable tourism in Jamaica as well as other countries. 3.3 Analyze different stages in planning for sustainability Bringing sustainability into action not only requires a solid communication and coordination framework, but it also requires the ability to balance dynamic tensions between environmental, economic and social dimensions (Gunn, 2002). The challenge lies in developing approaches that integrate and address these issues throughout public policy and planning processes (Gunn, 2002).With a wide variety of stakeholders, it will be ever more imperative for planners and decision-makers to balance these diverse challenges and needs and translate these elements into effective policy decisions. Population growth, increased automobile dependency, energy usage and supply, air quality, education access, affordable housing, water scarcity are just a short list of the numerous issues that need to be addressed through leadership and stewardship (Gunn, 2002). By developing sustainably-conscious planning processes we can begin to mitigate the impact of current issues and challenges and place ourselves in a better position to be proactive towards new challenges in the future. To truly embody sustainability practices and ensure thoughtful implementation there needs to be an understanding of what needs to be done at each stage of the planning process (Gunn, 2002). Due to the complexity of sustainability, different processes and applications will have different effects on other areas or stages within the process. It is important to understand not only what needs to be done at each stage, but also understand how these processes and applications affect and relate to knowledge accumulation, vision, action and evaluation. Generally, the planning process is comprised of the following stages: Stages in the planning of tourism process: 1.Define the goals and objectivesbasically, objectives for tourism should be a sub-set of the overall objectives (either implicit or document) for the nation, its economy, people and the social structure within an area. There are, however, no hard or set rules as to what the objectives should be (Gunn, 2002). In general, however, tourism objectives should deal with growth leading to increased standard of living, employment levels, and opportunities for intellectual growth, enhancement of the investment potential in an area or country. Cumulatively, tourism objective should describe the set of conditions under which a favorable decision should be made (Gunn, 2002).If the data indicate that reasonable objectives for tourism development can be met, this will generally lead to a decision to proceed with a conceptual planning study. As a first step towards preparation of conceptual plan for tourism development, a market study begins with a determination of the type of tourism business wh ich exists and can be expected. 2.Identify the tourism systemand carry out a survey- this stages deals with which clients you expect to have, what you need to do(Gunn, 2002).. Carry out the survey on social and cultural patterns such as the carrying capacity and settlement patterns, on the cultural and heritage attraction within the area, wildlife, vegetation, coastal and marinas and also carry out an environmental impact assessment (EIA) on the location to find out the negative and positive impact of the area (Gunn, 2002). 3.Evaluate alternatives of the analysis– in this stage the information collected from the survey is analyze (Gunn, 2002). 4.Select and implement–this is the stage where the information collected from the survey is analyze and the put policies and plan in place to help develop the process (Gunn, 2002). 5. Provide recommendations- recommendation should be made to improve progress 6.Monitor and evaluate Monitoring the progress periodically is very crucial to get the best results. Preparation of a plan document is not an end in itself (Gunn, 2002). The task of the planner does not end when a plan for three years, five years of seven years has been prepared. A system of constant revision and monitoring of the plan progress should be a part of the exercise of the planning (Gunn, 2002). Successful tourism planning and development means, serving both tourists and local residents, tourism should serve the community first and the tourist second, tourism development must be compatible with other activities in the area and be supported by the local population, the tourism plan should be closely coordinated with other local and regional planning efforts, if not an integral part of them (Gunn, 2002).

The History of the Internet Essay -- Web Computers Technology Essays

The History of the Internet When one thinks of the internet, one may think of America Online, Yahoo!, or of Sandra Bullock being caught up in an espionage conspiracy. For me, it is a means of communication. A way to talk to some of my friends who live off in distant places such as Los Angeles, New Jersey, and the Philippines. The U.S. Defense Department originally had this intent in mind when they connected a computer network with various other radio and satellite networks.[1 Krol] They wanted a means of communicating within the U.S. military that could withstand partial outages, such a bomb attacks, and still function.[2 Krol] In this paper I will cover the internet’s experimental beginnings, the commercialization of this technology in the present, and what may be the future of the internet. Before I begin, allow me to define what is the internet, who governs it, and what is the financial impact of this technology. The internet is made up of all computer networks that use IP protocol, which operate to form a seamless network for their collective users.[3 Krol] This means that federal, commercial, and institutional networks all compose parts of the internet. This network is connected to each other by either telephone wires, cable lines, or satellite signals. These wires, lines, or signals are then pipelined from server computer to server computer until your host server transmits the electronic information into your computer. The governing body of the internet is the Internet Society (ISOC).[4 Krol] The Internet Society purpose, according to Ed Krol, is to â€Å"promote global information exchange through Internet technology†. Another governing body is the Internet Architecture Board (IAB).[5 Krol] This IAB board gove... ...United States government, now is a tool to facilitate the commerce of the United States economy. Without this technology, a growing economic presence in the United States wouldn’t have been created. The internet is definitely does have an impact on the history of the United States. Sources Cited Krol, E. "The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog." O'Reilly and Associates, 1992. Leiner, B.M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Kahn, R. E., L. Kleinrock, D. C. Lynch, J. Postel, L. G. Roberts, and S. Wolff, A brief history of the Internet, Version 3.31, Aug. 4, 2000. Available at _ http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.html Zakon, Robert H'obbes, "Hobbes' Internet Timeline v8.1" Archive-location: http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ http://www.ecommerce.gov http://www.appnet.fi/~ois/usis/current/super2.shtml http://www.internet2.edu

Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988

â€Å"Miranda† is an American short story, which was published in 1988. It points up the conflicts that might arise when a young girl finds out that she is pregnant. In addition to the obligatory section B, I will in my essay incorporate a short analysis of the text. The main character's name is â€Å"Miranda† as the title of the story. Miranda is an 18 year old girl who, in the beginning of the story, lives at home by her parents in Los Angeles, California. The story starts the day before she leaves for College in Boston. As the story progresses Miranda's feelings are changing. In the beginning of the story she seems like a well-balanced girl. She has everything: freedom, a great boyfriend and understanding parents. She seems like any other teenage girl. But as she finds out she is pregnant, she is slowly changing. She gets more and more sceptical towards her surroundings and the whole thing with the pregnancy is not easy for her either. She also becomes more serious and melancholic, because she learns more about life; about what is consists of. Holly is Miranda's friend and roommate in Boston. She is a year older than Miranda and a more free-minded kind of girl who tries to get Miranda to see things from her point of view. She is a girl who just wants to have fun and not necessarily always thinks of the consequences of her actions. That shows when she often sleeps with her new friend Brian on week nights, and then subsequently gets visited by her boyfriend Tom in the weekends. Holly's role in the story is to put Miranda into a situation where she has to choose, to tell the reader what kind of girl Miranda is; what her values are. That seems pretty obvious when Miranda says that she wants to be owned, and that she will marry Michael. (p. 4, l. 95) Holly represents the common opinion and she is the contrast to Miranda. When Miranda comes home to her parents, they are having a conversation about her pregnancy with her and Michael. Their reaction reflects the society they live in and they are, surprisingly, more than understanding and sympathizing – or so it would seem. As a true product of their environment, they strongly advise Miranda to get an abortion. Miranda's parents do not want a daughter who does not study and therefore cannot get an education. As her mother says, she will end up as a dumb little house-wife. (p. 5, l. 147) They want her to have an abortion, so she does not end up in misery. That is not only best for her and Michael, but also for the unborn child. Miranda is mortified at the thought of killing her child. She does not care about the hardships – she is willing to accept the responsibility of the child and raise it. When her parents realise that they are not reaching Miranda, they turn to Michael in an effort to influence him. Michael is young and at school, just the same as Miranda, and although he loves her and accepts the responsibility of the child, he is thinking of his future as well as. When he first heard the news, he soon talked about marriage, because he felt that it was the right thing to do. On the other hand Michael is relieved that her parents are trying to talk her out of it, because he realized that he is not ready to be a father. Michael knows he cannot forsake the baby, otherwise he would scar Miranda. He cannot look Miranda in the eyes; probably because he feels ashamed and guilty about the whole situation. Michael is hurting Miranda when he acts the way he does. She can see that his eyes are full of relief and gratitude when her parents come to the rescue for him. In a sense they buy Michael because they know that if he wont help raise the child, neither will Miranda. Unfortunately, Michael soon realises his mistake – by giving up on the baby, he is also giving up on Miranda. You could say that the choice was between Miranda and the child, or Michael and his future. â€Å"†¦ She looked at Michael. He looked at her, guilty, ashamed (p. 6, l. 195)†¦ He had both won and lost, and his unhappy face struggled to endure both. p. 6, l. 197) The central theme in this short story is teenage pregnancy and the worries and difficulties it brings along with it. The decision to have an abortion or not is a very complicated, because it brings up intense feelings and moral questions, and this often place people in difficult situations. Miranda is an example of a girl who has a lot of thoughts after becoming pregnant. She truly wants to have the baby, but ends up giving in to the fight with her parents. Miranda falls under the traditional values of what is â€Å"the right thing to do,† but at the same time she abandons her chance for happiness. That leads us to another theme in the story: Society's view on success and happiness. Today, the ultimate idea of success is to please ourselves first, get that major degree and job – then plan a family and a future. Miranda sees it all more simply; she has a baby, she is willing to take responsibility, and plans her future along a different path than society wants for her. Every so often you have to listen to your heart, in order to make yourself happy. Maybe that means going against everyone you know and all you've been taught, but sometimes, that is the only way to be happy.

A Terrible Dream

A terrible dream I was relaxing at home watching television when I suddenly heard someone calling my name â€Å"Seik Yee, help me! Help me please! † I turn my face to the person who calling me, I was so astonishment! I saw my friend Jack. â€Å"Jack! Are you okay? What happened to you? † I asked. He stared at me blankly and started speaking in Mandarin! His Mandarin was very good as my Malay, which was zilch. I spoke some Mandarin. â€Å"Wo hen xin ku, jiu wo† he kept on repeating. â€Å"Fang wo zou, Fang wo zou† he said.This translated to â€Å"I’m suffering, please help me. Let me go. Let me go. † We usually conversed in English and his behaviour was strange and I was confused and worried. Jack’s face was drenched in perspiration and he was getting increasingly agitated. I was sure that he wasn’t having a heart attack though. I had seen the movie ‘The Exorcist’ before and his demeanour reminded me of one possessed , just like the movie. Suddenly, someone rushed to my side and a crowd had gathered.Jack’s eyes were expressionless and he didn’t recognise me although it was impossible for him not to notice me. He continued talking aloud but now I couldn’t understand what he was saying at all. It seemed to be heavily-accented Mandarin and Chinese dialect of some sort I couldn’t identify. The person who rushed to my side just now suggested he had suffered a heart stroke and a few people helped move him into shaded area. He was almost delirious by then. Suddenly, a group of monks nearby came over to see what the commotion was about.The most senior-looking monk took one look at Jack and shook his head. He immediately clasped Jack’s hand to his and started reciting mantras. It was only then that Jack calmed down and stopped talking to himself. Eventually, after few minutes, he slept soundly, much to my relief. The monk reassured me that he was okay. After about 10 mi nutes, he gently woke Jack. A bit dazed, Jack was otherwise â€Å"normal†. After Jack absolutely okay, â€Å"Where was us now? † I asked. I’m absolutely doesn’t known where am I at the beginning.Jack then answer my question and gave me an insight into the history of Great Wall which I had not known. â€Å"Here is the Great Wall of China. Millions of workers had been involved in its construction over hundreds of years spanning many dynasties. The work on the wall was so difficult that most workers died within the first year. Their bodies were thrown into the wall to help fill it. Most of the workers were slaves, criminals, political prisoners or extremely low-wage workers. † â€Å"What?That is so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when I want to complained about that, suddenly heard a women voice who calling me â€Å"Seik Yee, why you slept on sofa and the television is on? † I opened my eyes, my mother’s face was the first thing I saw. Now, only I realiz ed that is a terrible dream! In that because of the dream, I swear I won’t visit or travel to the Great Wall of China. (521 words) ENL 1100: ENGLISH 1 PROGRAM: DBADI SESSION: JAN 2012 SECTION: GROUP D2 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT: 2/2 BY: NAME: LOH SEIK YEE MATRIC NO: J11009464 LECTURER: MS DEEPA DATE OF SUBMISSION: 16/2/2012

Social Studies Teenage Pregnancy Questionnaire SBA

SOCIAL SUDIES SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA) 2013 CANDIDATE NAME: MITSEY STONE SCHOOL: MONTEGO-BAY E-LEARNING TITLE: An examination on Teenage Pregnancy in my community TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement Introduction Task 1: Statement of Problem Task 2: Reason for Selecting Area of Research Task 3: Method of Investigation Task 4: Data Collection Instrument Task 5: Procedures for Data Collection Task 6: Presentation of Data Task 7: Analysis and Interpretation of Data Task 8: Statement of FindingsTask 9: Recommendations and Implementation StrategyACKNOWLEDGEMENTI have taken effort in this project; however it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and book publishers. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Modules In Social Studies by Rampersad Ramsawak and Ralph . R Umraw for providing necessary information regarding this rese- arch. I would like to express my gratitude towards my family ,friends and the the persons in my community who participated,for their kind o-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project, And most of all to God for making this possible.INTRODUCTION TASK 1: STATEMENT OF PROBLEMWhat factors contribute to the increasing problem of teenage Pregnancy?How does this problem impact the lives of children?What can be done to decrease the cause of teenage pregnancy?TASK 2: REASONS FOR SELECTING THIS AREA OF RESEARCHThis area of research was chosen because it is a prominent issue that could be address in a better light. Similar essay: SBA on Drug AbuseThe researcher want to explore the options or me- asures that can assist these teenagers and also what can be done to eliminate the increase of teenage pregnancy in the community of Maroon Town.TASK 3: METHOD OF INVESTIGATION The method of investigation chosen to implement data is in the form of a questionnaire that was shared randomly to persons within my community.TASK 4: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Instructions: Please read the following questions and put a tick in the box provided or answer on the spaces.1. Sex: Male Female2. To which age group do you belong ? 9- 12 years, 13- 15 years, 16- 19 years, 20- 50 years3. How long have you been a resident of this community? 3- 5 years, 7- 10 year,s 12- 15 years, Others4. To which ethnic group do you belong? African decent, Indian decent, Chinese decent, Other5. What is your level of education? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary6. What is the highest grade you completed? 8- 9 grade, 10- 11 grade, So me college, Other7. At what age did you become sexually active? 11- 13 years, 14- 16 years, 17- 18 years, 19- 20 years8.How many children do you have? 1-2 children, 3- 4 children, Over 5 children, Others9. How did you first find out about sex? Family, Friends, School, Media, Other10. What is your main source of financial support? Own job, Spouse, Parents, Other11. Are you currently working? Yes No12. If not why?13. Do you think that peer influences affect your opinion on sex? Yes No14. What are the main causes of teenage pregnancy? Lack of parental guidance, Sexual assault or rape, Economic issues Poverty15. How does teenage pregnancy affect a teenagers education?16. What are the advantages and disadvantages or teenage pregnancy?17. What were the challenges faced during your pregnancy?18. What measures can be taken to reduce the cause of teenage pregnancy in my community?TASK 5: PROCEDURES FOR COLLECTING DATA To gather information for this project the researcher constructed a questi onnaire which consist of eighteen questions which were con- tributed to thirty teenagers in Maroon Town. The sample was selec- ted using the simple method by placing fifty names of persons in my community in a bag.The bag was shaken and the first twenty names selected were given a questionnaire to complete. The questionnaire were contributed on the 30th October and collected the 6th of November. Of the respondents 70percent were female and 30percent were male.TASK 6: PRESENTATION OF DATA Data was collected for this project using a pie chart, a histogram and a bar graph. Figure 1 Figure one is a pie chart illustrating the ages at which teenagers became sexually active in the community of Maroon Town. An estimate of 40% became pregnant at the age of 14 to 16 years

Mystical Discourses in Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mystical Discourses in Philosophy - Essay Example The clandestine struggle of a Mystic does not lend itself to understanding or provide insight into the intricate scaffolding of inspired philosophy. As Michael Sells comments, Mystic writers like Jalaluddin Rumi and Marguerite Porete did not aim to illustrate a specific type of experience. They hoped to generate an appreciation of the framework in which things take place at all and the human relationship to this fixed totality. "Mysticism is often associated with the extraordinary, the transcendent, the unimaginable, and reveals itself as the common" (Sells, Michael A. The Mystical Languages of Unsaying). Sells investigates the writer's use of language to sustain reality and its silhouette. Each discourse presents a cohesive tactic to accomplish its purpose. The aporia of transcendence, as Sells describes it, is a means of achieving dialectic ascension through apophatic debate. In contrast, Marguerite Porete believed that mystical pre-eminence could only be arrived at through the "An nihilation of the Soul." And, in Jalaluddin Rumi's vision, only in the supreme and boundless entirety of God, do all the conflict and dissension implicated in the antipathy of phenomena transcend the fracas and come to rest. Apophatic theology has commonly been depicted as a form of negation. ... Apophasis is basically a dialogue of contradiction and dueling statements. However, both Porete and Rumi would agree that most have a tendency to transfix on a solitary statement and abandon its double. Therefore, these dancing conjectures must be positioned within a larger text in order to maintain a continual regression. A referential candor within the wording suggests a particular willingness and susceptibility towards the essential necessity of practicing ceaseless transformation, as alluded to by Ibn Arabi. "Unsaying" occurs in reaction to an impasse. If one were to propose the existence of a limitless, definitive precept, then how could one submit to it Designations by nature have a way of restricting those entities they elect. When something is assigned a label, boundaries are erected that designate what it is and what it is not. Names are fixed and unyielding. How might one be liberated from this intrinsic inclination fundamental to language One must defeat language with language by posing it against itself. What Sells ascribes as a "meaning event" is accomplished by exploiting the disparity betwixt clashing statements. He illuminates the aporia of transcendence within the work of Marguerite Porete, and his ideas extend themselves to the words of Rumi as well. Sells focuses primarily on how these texts operate within their unique mythical compositions. He also examines their extensive theological and intellectual perspectives while making enlightening evaluations. These in depth exa minations allow one to appreciate the theatrical nature of the texts. These texts are intended to activate an understanding of

Neurology Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Neurology 1 - Assignment Example Consequently, the process moves to degenerating brain that further leads to demise of mental functions. This leads to dementia. Various diseases lead to dementia. However, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of the conditions leading to dementia. The most apparent conditions of dementia are confusion and memory loss. Failure of memory is found to be quite rare (Mesulam, 2007, p.11). Very similar to Alzheimer’s, dementia affects that part of the brain which is responsible for the maximum and most complicated as well as multiple number of functions, the frontal lobe. This part is located right above the eye, and the parts of the brain leading to it, which include the cortical and subcortical parts, are also affected. This part of the brain is developed later on in a child’s life, thus it determines the personality and learning skills of an individual human being. This part of the brain also helps a person in understanding the fear related to doing something or the awkwardness as well. Dementia brings damage to it to such an extent, that the patient feels trouble in many basic chores of our daily life, which include tying laces, talking appropriately or even touching someone without a reason. However, as the frontal lobes have multiple functions, damage to any different area will result in lack of numerous kinds of skills which are not restricted. Thus, the effects of dementia always or commonly vary per person. Therefore, the symptoms for this disease are not specified nor have any bound. Many causes result as the existence of dementia. Most of the causes are difficult to tell. Various medical conditions can cause symptoms of dementia. Nutritional deficiencies, intake of harmful drugs, head injuries, strokes, infections and various diseases are few causes of dementia. All the types of dementia reflect dysfunction that affects the brain