The Naming of Domino Park in Miami :: Little Havana Cuban Community

The Naming of Domino Park Domino Park resides in one of the predominantly Cuban districts of the greater Miami area. It is located on the corner of Calle Ocho and fifteenth-avenue in Little Havana. Domino Park is a gathering place for the men and women of Little Havana. They have congregated in the mini-park for years, challenging each other to domino games. Although players sometimes choose to challenge each other to games of chess, the main staple of the park is dominos. The park received its nickname, Domino Park, for that very reason. Before the construction of Domino Park, which occurred in 1976, the men of Little Havana played dominos on the corner of fifteenth-avenue. They would sit directly across from the Tower Theater and played well into the night. Originally, the players used shaky tables and a rigged, lighting system. The city of Miami spent $115,000 to build the park's magnificent architecture. Beth Dunlop, of the Miami Herald, offers the following description of Domino Park in her January 6, 1983, article, "Don't Fence in Domino Park": There are two barrel-tile-roofed pavilions, really just to give shade from the sun and shelter from the rain, and a matching storage shed, which houses the rest rooms as well. And then there's the main event- tables, set, as the pavilions are, at an angle to the street corner. The arrangement of the tables and pavilions is the key to the park's architecture, and it serves two purposes here, both important: Angling them to open out onto the street corner is essentially Cuban, suggestive of Havana, and it is also an effective way to squeeze a lot of domino players into a tiny space. (C2) Dunlop's focus on the nostalgic touches inherent within the architecture of the park is particularly important.

Calorimetry and Hess’s Law Essay

Elemental magnesium is one of the principal components of flares used to illuminate nighttime activities, or to aid in signaling one’s location to aircraft and ships. Your instructor may ignite a strip of magnesium ribbon to demonstrate the combustion of magnesium in air. It will be evident that a great deal of light energy is released from this reaction. A direct method for measuring the heat produced by this reaction would be difficult, so we shall resort to an indirect method in this experiment as discussed below. Some chemical reactions (including the one above) are associated with the evolution of thermal energy and are called exothermic reactions. When there is absorption of energy in a chemical reaction, the process is called endothermic. The magnitude of the energy change is determined by the particular reaction as well as the amount of product(s) formed. The thermal energy transferred in a balanced chemical reaction carried out at constant pressure is called the enthalpy of reaction (or heat of reaction) and is  given the symbol ΔHrxn. ΔHrxn is often expressed in units of kJ/mole where mole refers to the amount of a reactant or a product involved in the reaction. In general, the reactant or product must be specified. In this experiment, you will measure the enthalpy changes of several exothermic reactions utilizing a simple calorimeter. This calorimeter consists of an insulated vessel (a Styrofoam cup), a thermometer, and a lid (which is loose fitting to allow the pressure to remain constant. The energy given off by any reaction carried out in the calorimeter is absorbed by both the calorimeter and the solvent (water). This causes an increase in the temperature of the calorimeter and solvent that can be me asured by a thermometer. The heat that is absorbed by the calorimeter and solvent is calculated from the equation: qcal = C â‹… ΔT (1) where C is the heat capacity of the calorimeter and solvent, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water (the solvent) in the calorimeter. Heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1  °C. In this experiment, the vessel and the amount of solvent remain constant, so C is a constant. Enthalpy is an extensive quantity, so the amount of heat generated by the reaction is given by the expression: qrxn = n â‹… ΔH (2)  where n is the number of moles of a specific reactant or product and ΔH is the enthalpy change of the reaction in kJ/mol. Since the energy of the universe is conserved, the total energy change of the system (the reaction) and surroundings (calorimeter and solvent) is equal to zero. These relationships can be combined as shown in equation (3). qsystem + qsurroundings = qreaction + qcalorimeter = n⋅ΔH + C⋅ΔT = 0 (3) This equation can be rearranged to determine either C or ΔH as shown in equations (4) and (5). C = − n⋅ΔH/ΔT (4) ΔH = − C⋅ΔT/n (5) For exothermic reactions, ΔH < 0 and ΔT > 0. The main experimental problem in any calorimetric measurement is obtaining an  accurate value of ΔT. The initial temperature, Ti, of the reactants can be determined directly using a thermometer. However, it is difficult to obtain a precise value for the final temperature, Tf (the instantaneous temperature when the reactants are mixed together and react), because (1) reactions do not occur instantaneously, and (2) calorimeters are not perfectly insulating, but actually allow some heat energy to slowly enter or escape from the calorimeter over time. This occurs both during the reaction and after its completion. If an exothermic reaction occurs in a hypothetical calorimeter that is perfectly insulated, all of the heat produced by the reaction will remain in the calorimeter, resulting in a constant final temperature. This would yield the same ΔT whether or not the reaction is instantaneous. Now consider a hypothetical exothermic reaction that occurs instantaneously, but in a realistic calorimeter that is not perfectly insulated. In this case, the temperature of the calorimeter would diminish over time due to the gradual escape of heat energy to the surroundings. ï€  The â€Å"final† temperature to be used in determining ΔT in this case is actually the maximum temperature reached immediately after reaction occurs, since this temperature change is due exclusively to the heat produced in the reaction, and no escaping of heat to the surroundings has occurred yet. For real calorimeter experiments, reactions neither occur instantaneously nor are calorimeters perfectly insulated. Thus, during an exothermic reaction the temperature of the calorimeter increases initially, but never has a chance to reach the correct maximum â€Å"final† temperature since heat is escaping to the surroundings even while the reaction is proceeding toward completion. A correction for this heat exchange is made by an extrapolation process using the temperature vs. time curve (see Figure 1). First, a plot of the temperature readings as a function of time for the reaction is generated. By extrapolating only the linear portion of the curve (e.g., the points including and after the maximum temperature) back to zero time (the time when the reactants were mixed in the calorimeter), Tf is obtained. The Tf value determined in this manner will be the temperature that the calorimeter and the solvent would have reached, had the reaction occurred instantaneously and with no heat exchange to the room. This value should be used for the calculation of change in temperature, ΔT. Consult with your TA for specific instructions for extrapolation using Microsoft Excel. A. Determination of the Enthalpy of Combustion of Mg Using Hess’s Law The calorimeter will be used to determine the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium by application of Hess’s law. Consider the following reactions: (a) H2(g) +  ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) ΔHa = − 285.84 kJ/mole (b) Mg(s) + 2 H+ (aq) → Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g) ΔHb (c) Mg2+ (aq) + H2O (l) → MgO (s) + 2 H+ (aq) ΔHc By adding equations (a), (b), and (c) we obtain (d) Mg (s) +  ½ O2 (g) → MgO (s) ΔHrxn = ΔHa + ΔHb + ΔHc which represents the combustion of Mg(s). Reaction (a) represents the formation of liquid water from its constituent elements. The enthalpy change for this reaction, symbolized ΔHa above, is the standard heat of formation of liquid water (or ΔHf (H2O)) and is a known quantity. ΔHb and ΔHc will be determined experimentally by measuring the temperature rise when known masses of magnesium metal and magnesium oxide, respectively, are added to hydrochloric acid. Reaction (c) as written is an endothermic reaction. Since it is easier to perform the reverse (exothermic) reaction, the data you collect will be of opposite sign to that needed for the Hess’s law calculation for reaction (d). When data from your analysis is correctly combined with that for the known reaction (a), the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium metal can be obtained. PROCEDURE: Note: Handle the Styrofoam cups gently. They will be used by other lab sections! A. Determination of the Enthalpy of Combustion of Magnesium Reaction of Magnesium Metal and Hydrochloric Acid 1. Using the graduated cylinder, add 50.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl to the empty calorimeter. Wait for a few minutes to allow the set-up to reach thermal  equilibrium. 2. While waiting, determine the mass of a sample of magnesium ribbon (about 0.15 g) on the analytical balance, and then wrap it with a piece of copper wire. The copper will not react in the solution; its purpose is to prevent the magnesium from floating to the surface during the reaction. Do not wrap the magnesium too tightly or it will not react quickly enough with the HCl solution. Do not wrap the magnesium too loosely since it may escape the copper â€Å"cage† and float. 3. Using LoggerPro, start a run of 500 seconds with the temperature probe in the 1.0 M HCl in the calorimeter (with lid). 4. The magnesium/copper bundle is added to the HCl solution. Replace the lid with the thermometer in place, and begin swirling to mix. Be sure to support the temperature probe. Continue swirling and collecting data and record about 300 seconds or until the temperature starts decreasing. This will provide the linear part of the curve, and are the most important points for the extrapolation procedure. 5. When data collection is completed, rinse the calorimeter and thermometer with distilled water and dry as completely as possible. Place the piece of copper in the container labeled â€Å"copper waste.† B. Reaction of Magnesium Oxide and Hydrochloric Acid 1. Place 50.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl into a clean graduated cylinder. 2. On a top-loading balance, transfer approximately 0.7 to 0.8 g of MgO to a clean weighing boat (no need to record this mass). Next, determine the mass of the MgO and the weighing boat on the analytical balance and record the data. Transfer the MgO to the dry calorimeter. 3. On the analytical balance, record the mass of the â€Å"empty† weighing boat after the transfer and calculate the mass of MgO actually transferred to the calorimeter. 4. Record the initial temperature (Ti) of the 1.0 M HCl solution in the graduated cylinder. 5. Note the time (time = zero) and add the 50.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl to the calorimeter containing the MgO. 7-8 points after the temperature maximum. In this reaction all the MgO should react since HCl is used in excess. However, if the solid MgO is allowed to sit on the bottom or sides of the cup it will not dissolve and hence it will not react. Make sure the solution is mixed constantly but gently. (NOTE: Before discarding this solution, check to see that all of the MgO has reacted. If solid MgO remains, the results from this portion of the experiment are not accurate. If any solid is present, this portion of the experiment must be repeated.)  6. When data collection is completed, rinse the calorimeter and thermometer with distilled water and dry as completely as possible.

The Meaning Of Life In Tuesdays With Morrie By Mitch Albom

Well the truth is, if you really listen to that bird on your shoulder, if you accept that you can die at any time, then you might not be as ambitious as you are (Albom, 83) is a quote told by the protagonist who’s body is decaying due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and has come to terms with his disease and upcoming death. In the story â€Å"Tuesdays with Morrie† by Mitch Albom, the protagonist Morrie Schwartz impacts thousands of lives. Morrie Schwartz, a sociology professor who developed ALS, feels the need to share his words of wisdom on the meaning of life through taking pride in the way he has lived, making use of his experiences, and being optimistic about his upcoming death. Morrie was an inspiration for many as he took pride in†¦show more content†¦Using experiences to grow more and more each day is something Morrie took pride in. Proffesor Schwartz spoke of experience when he said, â€Å"The truth is, you dont get satisfaction from those things. You know what really gives you satisfaction? What? Offering others what you have to give† (Albom, 127). This was said when he explained to Mitch that money needs to stop being the people’s priority and that one’s focus should be on their loved ones. Morrie has learned that materialistic items do not bring him happiness more than his family does. He once told Mitch the following statement: â€Å"If you are trying to show off for people at the top forget it. They will look down at you anyhow. And if youre trying to show off for people at the bottom, forget it. They will only envy you. Status will get you nowhere. Only an open heart will allow you to float equally between everyone (A lbom, 127). This means people will always find a flaw and the only way to surpass everyone is through love. Morrie gave and received love continuously, therefore when his time had come, many of the people he has touched visited him and showed their gratitude. Mae West had said, â€Å"You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough†. She explains that doing what needs to be done to gladden the heart, will lead to a satisfied and fulfilled life of little to no regrets. Those who lead their life with little regrets, will be somewhatShow MoreRelated Old Professor New Lessons Tuesdays with Morrie Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesOld Professor New Lessons Tuesdays with Morrie Thesis: In the novel Tuesdays with Morrie, Mitch Aldom gains a new understanding on lifes lessons taught by his old professor Morrie. Old Professor-New Lessons Mitch Albom attended many classes taught by Morrie Schwartz during his years at Brandeis University, but he does not attempt to learn the meaning of life until he is in his forties. The knowledge of his favorite professors illness forces Mitch to rekindle an old friendship. In theRead MoreTuesdays With Morrie, By Mitch Albom1638 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the novel Tuesdays With Morrie, the author, Mitch Albom, reflects on his Tuesday meetings with his old professor, now consumed with a terminal illness, and, using many rhetorical choices, reveals â€Å"The Meaning of Life,† which they discussed profusely and divided into several categories. Topics such as Death, Emotions, Aging, Money, Forgiveness, and more are all discussed in their weekly conferences, Morrie passing on his wisdom to one of his favorite students. And Albom, writing about theirRead MoreTuesdays With Morrie By Mitch Albom1341 Words   |  6 PagesTuesdays With Morrie, by Mitch Albom, is a book about an old man who is a retired college professor, wise, and patient. Mitch Albom is the main character of the book and a student in sociology courses taught by his favorite professor Morrie. Morrie teaches Albom about the meaning of life. His teachings have a great impact on Albom’s life. 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He took several jobs writing for several papers ranging from Sports Illustrated to The Philadelphia En quirer before he landed a jobRead MoreEssay on Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie1027 Words   |  5 PagesMitch Albom’s novel Tuesdays with Morrie delves into the complexities of the human condition from the stand point of an elderly man that is slowly dying from the disease ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The man, Morrie, decides to spend the last of his time on earth spreading his wisdom to as many people as possible, teaching them a lot about the importance of life, as well as what is necessary to live life to the fullest and be truly happy. 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One of his former students sitting thousands of miles away in Michigan stumbled upon this episode of â€Å"Nightline† on the television by chance and most likely by fate. This student, Mitch Album, decides to pay a visit to his favorite tutor in quiet suburbRead MoreDeath and Dying: Lifes Greatest Lesson (Tuesdays with Morrie)1578 Words   |  6 PagesTuesdays with Morrie revolves around the transcendent student-mentor relationship between Mitchell Albom, a workaholic sports writer and his former Sociology professor Morrie Schwartz. During his college years, Mitch develops a student-mentor relationship with his professor Morrie which quickly becomes a close friendship. However, in spite of assurances to the contrary, Mitch neglects to stay in touch with Morrie. Morrie, as we come to find out begins to slowly manifest signs of amyotrophic lateralRead MoreBook Review of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People801 Words   |  3 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Tuesdays with Morrie: Personal Change and Lifes Great Lessons Stephen Covey talks about seven habits that one can practice in order to achieve both personal and professional success in The 7Habits of Highly Effective People (1989). He defines these habits as the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire. Covey sees the development of these habits as part of an entities progress on a maturity continuum from dependence to independence to interdependenceRead MoreThe True Meaning of Life Essay716 Words   |  3 PagesThere are thousands of enlightening pieces of literature to choose from, selecting one is a challenge. Many of these works are very important, but the novel Tuesdays with Morrie written by Mitch Albom is one work that everyone should study. However many students might miss out on the opportunity to read this book because of their school’s limited curriculum. This work is just as important to read as any Shakespearean piece. Even though this book is not yet considered a classic novel, it is still

Child Is Born With Down Syndrome - 863 Words

A baby is defined as viable when he/she is capable of surviving outside the mother’s womb and is able to develop independently. As described on page 70 in the textbook, a small percentage of babies become viable around 23 weeks. However, it is very difficult for all the newborn’s organs to become fully self-sufficient outside of the womb at this stage. A newborn that is born at 23 weeks is more likely to struggle with respiratory function and have underdeveloped brain structures as they must further develop outside the safety and support of the womb. Therefore, on average, true viability is reached at 24 weeks with further development and increased survival odds. 2. If a child is born with Down syndrome, what kind of condition do they have? Genetically speaking, why does the child have Down syndrome? What are two challenges that the child has a higher risk of? (3 points) A child that is born with Down syndrome has a condition called trisomy 21. The term trisomy is described as the chromosomal error that results in a specific chromosome to have three copies. Therefore, in a case of Down syndrome, there are three copies of chromosome 21 in their DNA. A child with Down syndrome has a higher risk of hearing loss, heart abnormalities, and hypothyroidism. 3. What are 3 things that impact the wellbeing of the baby that the mother can do before the child is born? What are potential outcomes of these activities? (3 points) The choices that a mother make while pregnant can greatlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Effects of down syndrome1418 Words   |  6 Pagescommon every year. A study shows that there are about 6,000 diagnoses of Down Syndrome each year in the United States(National association for Down syndrome). One in every 800 babies is born with Down Syndrome (Marsh). This is a rise from the previously reported statistic of 1 in every 733, as it was reported in 2010. Down Syndrome is a common chromosome disorder due to an extra chromosome number 21(PudMedhealth). Down Syndrome causes mental retardation, a characteristic facial features, and multipleRead MoreDown Syndrome As A Cognitive Disorder Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pages Down syndrome as a cognitive disorder Down syndrome (DS) is relatively well known as a genetic disorder to the general public and children with this syndrome form one of the most readily identifiable groups of children with moderate to severe learning difficulties. It has been over 130 years since Langdon Down first described DS and 30 years since the presence of the defining extra copy of chromosome 21 was identified by Lejeune andRead MoreA Brief Look at Down Syndrome670 Words   |  3 Pagesmistake is the cause of 1 in 691 babies being born with what is known as Down Syndrome. In every cell in the human body, there is a nucleus. Typically there are twenty three chromosomes in each nucleus. Down Syndrome occurs when there is extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. Down Syndrome is a chromosomal condition that causes low muscle tone, small stature, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm. Although, each person with Down Syndrome is a unique individual and may have theseRead MoreLiving With Down s Syndrome978 Words   |  4 PagesLiving with Down’s Syndrome Down’s Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, happens when a problem occurs in the body’s chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structure that holds genes which give the body instruction on how to work and grow. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes in every cell in their body and each pair consists of one chromosome from the father and one from the mother. Babies born with Down’s Syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21 which changes the way the brain and body developRead MoreChildhood Development : Down Syndrome Or Trisomy 211291 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder known as Down syndrome or trisomy 21. Down syndrome (DS) can affect multiple areas of a person’s development both mentally and physically. This paper looks at how to detect DS as early as the second trimester of pregnancy, the effects it has on early childhood development, and the effects on a person’s mental abilities. First of all, it is important to define Down syndrome. Traditionally, people are born with 46 chromosomes, 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. Down syndrome usually occursRead MoreThe Discovery Of Down Syndrome874 Words   |  4 PagesDown syndrome is a common disorder where the child gets an extra copy of the 21st chromosome. It happens in every 691 babies born in the United States. This adds up to about 6,000 babies born with the disorder a year. The major points in this paper are: when the disorder was discovered, the symptoms, the lifespan, the medical treatments, if it is a dominant trait, what chromosome is affected, and how it is passed down to offspring. 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Down syndrome is a disorder in which an individual gets a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. Normally, at the time of conception a baby inherits genetic information from its parents in the form of 46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father, but in most cases of Down syndrome a child gets anRead MoreDown Syndrom1638 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract a) Down syndrome b) Interesting topic c) Understanding why down syndrome occurs Introduction a) Who discovered Down syndrome b) What is Down syndrome Body research A. What Causes it and is it inherited? 1-Trisomy 21 2-Mosaic Down syndrome 3-Translocation Down syndrome B. How Down syndrome affects Kids 1-Physical features 2-Learning C. Risk factors 1-Advancing maternal age 2- Being carriers of the genetic translocation for Down syndrome 3-HavingRead More Down Syndrome Essay676 Words   |  3 Pages Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Ã‚  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is

Child Custody Evaluation Essay - 2370 Words

Child Custody Evaluation Each year about 1.2 million marriages end in divorce, and many divorcing couples have children (PatelJones, 2008). In the year 2006 more than 1.1 million children were living with a parent who was divorced or separated. Though most parents face the challenges associated with divorce or separation in a healthy and successful manner without high-conflict interactions. However, according to Patel and Jones about 10% of divorce cases involving children disagreement on custody and visitation arrangements leads to litigation(2008). In these cases, it is often left to the court to make decisions about custody, and several custody cases are referred to court-appointed mental health experts during the process. Patel†¦show more content†¦It is important that judges have accurate information about the family that allows them to make decisions that will be in the best interests of the child. Mental health evaluations used in child custody cases should be able t o give family courts a thorough and unbiased assessment about the functionality of a family and the child’s best interests. Lee, Borelli and West (2011) state that ‘‘best interests of the child’’ legal standard, custody evaluators rely on their assessment of the parent-child relationships. A counselor should be able to identify each parent’s capacity to meet the needs of the child. A negative aspect to the judges decision is that it can result in the relocation of child with a parent which in turn disturbing the childs familiar way of life(Kennedy, 2012). About 10% of divorcing families have disagreements about custody that are significant enough to lead to court involvement about custody or visitation because according to Lebow and Black (2012) these parents also typically exhibit skills deficits in several areas. At the individual level, these parents often have difficulty understanding another person’s perspective and tend to focu s on their own needs rather than on the needs of others. There is a possibility that these parents almost always have extreme difficulties with communication which ultimately leads to the court being involved. Effects: Mental healthShow MoreRelatedA Judgement For Solomon : The D Hauteville Case1194 Words   |  5 Pagespleaded with Gonzalve to let her return to America to give birth to her child. Eventually, Gonzalve gave in and let Ellen leave; however, after giving birth, Ellen refused to return to Switzerland, citing cruel treatment from Gonzalve as her reason for staying away. Later, Ellen realized it was an informal separation that she sought. However, soon the couple realized that they had another major problem: determining who got the custody of their son, Frederick. In September of 1840, the trial began withRead MoreConflict Resolution And Child Custody1365 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Resolution Child Custody As a future marital and family therapist and even as a trainee, it is important to understand the systemic thinking behind the practice. For those therapists, like myself, that want to become experts in more an area, it is also important to delve into the theory and practice of that area. For example, child custody is a big piece to conflict resolution when it comes to thinking systemically in the family. The current divorce rate is around 50 percent and everRead MoreDescription Of Child By W.950 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of Child â€Å"W† is an eight year and six month old male who was born March 30, 2007. He is in the third grade and is brand new to the school this year. â€Å"W† has divorced parents who both live in Boulder. The mother’s home is close but she drives him to school when he is with her. 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Moreover, domestic abuse not only affec ts the victims it also has a profound effect on the children. Battered women are faced with uncertainty as they struggle to survive. In the article Stark, E. (2009). Rethinking Custody Evaluation in Cases Involving Domestic Violence reviewed the court system and the effect domestic violence has on families. In addition, another article written by Stark, Stark, E. (2012). Looking Beyond Domestic Violence: Policing Coercive Control. Journal

Media and Communications New Media Developments

Question: Discuss about theMedia and Communicationsfor New Media Developments. Answer: Introduction Communication is defined as a medium for the purpose of transferring information from one entity to another entity. The process of transferring the information is being carried out in the process of developing the interactions and also the sharing of the knowledge is being enhanced by the process of developing the new contexts of the ideas. The sharing of the information is being appropriately constructed by the help of the communication process that symbolizes the interactions between the two or more people (Carey, 2009). The attempt that is undertaken in this essay clearly describes the two alternative models of James W. Carey for creating focus on the new media developments. The two alternatives consist of the various concepts of the communication process which are categorized into transmission and rituals. Thus, it enabled the learner to have the appropriate view of the communication processes used for distinguishing the new media with the help of the two models. The communicatio n theories and models are used by the people and business organizations to convey their own opinions and views. Carey has focused on two communication theories which are transmission view communication theory and ritual view communication theory. Main Context Relevance of the Two Conceptions of Communication The two model of the James W. Carey shows the transmission and the ritual views by considering the conception of the communication. Therefore, the two conceptions can be easily focused with the provision of the explanation of the two conceptual models which are used for describing the new media story (Park, 2008). The theories of communication are appropriately explained by Carey and prefers ritual view communication theory because from his point of view, transmission communication theory is over used in the society nowadays. The Transmission View The transmission views are defined as the most common form of the culture. This culture can be easily described with undertaking all the cultures and dominates that had been developed for the purpose of describing dominates of the contemporary dictionary entries. The definition can be defined as the imparting, sending and the transmitting of information for the purpose of sharing knowledge. The enhancement of the metaphor or the geographic transportation is being described in the form of transmitting the information to the others. The enhancement of the movements can be easily explained with the movement of the information to the others. It also provides the information which is essentially identical for the development of the ideas for the communication process and also it enables the enhancement of the process within the people (Pauly, 2007). The enhancement of the work process can be essentially focused by identifying the communication processes and also the description of the com munication can be appropriately made by the help of the transmission of the signals or the messages. The views of the communication can be appropriately increased by enabling the desire for the increment of the speed and the effects of the messages. The development of the news story can be appropriately made in an easy with the help of transmitting the messages through the help of the signals. The Ritual View The ritual view clearly explains the transmission of the messages in space which are needed to be maintained for the society with the time. The communication process is seemed to be related to the religious or the ritual views in which the sacred ceremony is being described with the provision of the messages and also it attracts the fellowships and the commonality. The indebtedness of this is clearly represented from the communication made to the religion from the variation of the time and thereby the significant role is being explained in the form of the society (Pooley, Carey, 2016). For the purpose of comparing the effects, the analysis of this usage is being enlightened in the form of the highest manifestation and the maintenance of the credibility is being depicted. The new enlighting becomes the medium for the purpose of sharing this information and also highlights the views that seems to be requisite for the producing the dramatic focus. Moreover, the news writing reading bec omes the important factor for the enhancement of the views enabled with depicting the dramatic views and also the reader gains the pure information regarding the impact created on the society with the ritual view of the communication process (Stacks, Salwen, 2009). Therefore, the structure seems to be illustrating the appropriate views of the relevance nature which is being provided while comparing the two forms of the information. Therefore, the developments of the news in the form of communication can be easily explained by the help of these two conceptual models of James W. Carey. Analysis of the Theories The two communication model transmission and ritual play a significant role in the enhancement of the media platform. For example, a news story from a newspaper about the death of a five-year-old girl due to negligence shows the transmission and ritual communication theories. The transmission communication theory is the movement of information and has the function to transfer information within a society (Golan, Johnson Wanta, 2010). On the other hand, ritual view theory determines communication as culture sharing to provide commonality and fellowship. The ritual views theory states that the news story was not an appropriate or real information but a picture of contending forces in the society. The invisible girl is depictive in an attractive way that can evoke sympathy for the reader and compared with the darker images of her parents. The image represented the contending forces which is emphasized further by evil an adjective. The following depiction creates an effect of being the observer at the play and developing a story that creates a feeling among the readers (McLuhan McLuhan, 2011). The story was also depicted with the use of colour letters such as red which shows the sign of danger, but it also shows power and strength which contrasts the young girl's innocence. The photo given in the newspaper can also be analysed from the transmission communication theory point of view that it is disseminating knowledge and news as the picture is the distribution of factual and visual information. Bullet points are also used that can be viewed as both ritual and transmission communication form. However, the newspaper also provides significant information to the readers in an easy and simple. The story can be viewed from the transmission communication theory point of view. Nouns have also been used from the set of professions such as social workers, police, doc and teachers which depict the inefficiency professional theme showing the contending forces between the professionals and boy and also between the professionals and reader. Thus, it can be concluded that the ritual communication theory and transmission communication theory of James Carrey can be applied to the news story which portrays the use of these theories by the media organizations. The media organizations have used the communication theories to attract large number of audiences. (Samovar, Porter MacDaniel, 2009). The factual information, layout, text and words use the ritualistic communication form to evoke the s ympathy of the readers towards the young girl and also influencing the opinions of the readers. Both the theories are interlinked with each other and can be used in the media world. However, the media do not use the social interactions under the ritual view communication theory such as discussion shows of television with friends but are the instead forms of the social integration. Both the theories show the communication and flow of information within the society. Communication is considered as the most significant tool which is used by the organizations to convey their messages efficiently and appropriately to their audiences (Severin Tankard, 2014). Carey has given his opinion on the two communication theories. He thinks ritual view communication theory is much better than transmission view communication theory. He thinks that the transmission view communication theory can no longer go with the social change or technology and would also lose all its control in long run. For an example, the government may face difficulties to control the file sharing from one place to place which refers to the transmission model. Thus, the social consequences of the damages would be on the intellectual property. It does not mean that the transmission model was neglected by Carey but he just sees more benefit in the ritual view communication theory as there is a transmission communication flux around us. The transmission communication can hold and control everything and it has the hypodermic effect on us. The concept implies that whatever the media organizations depicts through the transmission communication has a powerful and direct effect on the audiences. For an example, the commercial advertisements are made to influence and control the beliefs and thoughts of the audiences towards the product and services in a positive way. Thus, the audiences are influenced with the communication process and may divert them to purchase the products. However, the ritual view communication theory helps to connect with a certain role of group. Thus, different communication theories and models helps to communicate effectively relying on the situation (Miller, 2007). Conclusion Carey has explained communication process as a complex process that maintains, builds and alters the culture of the world. The communication theories are appropriately explained by Carey which shows how media organizations use these theories. The theories are used to influence the views and perception of the readers. The communication model and theories has helped many people or group to convey their own opinions to others. The follow of communication is very much important for the development of an organization. Carey has explained two types of communication theories that are used by the media organizations. References Carey, J. (2009).Communication as culture. New York: Routledge. The book detail states that the process of transferring the information is being carried out in the process of developing the interactions and also the sharing of the knowledge is being enhanced by the process of developing the new contexts of the ideas. The sharing of the information is being appropriately constructed by the help of the communication process that symbolizes the interactions between the two or more people Park, D. (2008).The history of media and communication research. New York, NY [u.a.]: Lang. The book detail states that the two model of the James W. Carey shows the transmission and the ritual views by considering the conception of the communication. The two conceptions can be easily focused with the provision of the explanation of the two conceptual models which are used for describing the new media story. Pauly, J. (2007). James Carey: In Praise of the Popular.Popular Communication,5(1), 11-12. The book detail states that the transmission views are defined as the most common form of the culture. This culture can be easily described with undertaking all the cultures and dominates that had been developed for the purpose of describing dominates of the contemporary dictionary entries. Pooley, J., Carey, J. (2016).James W. Carey and communication research. New York: Peter Lang. The book detail states that the communication process is seemed to be related to the religious or the ritual views in which the sacred ceremony is being described with the provision of the messages and also it attracts the fellowships and the commonality. Stacks, D., Salwen, M. (2009).An integrated approach to communication theory and research. New York: Routledge. The book detail states that the news writing reading becomes the important factor for the enhancement of the views enabled with depicting the dramatic views and also the reader gains the pure information regarding the impact created on the society with the ritual view of the communication process. Golan, G., Johnson, T., Wanta, W. (2010).International media communication in a global age. New York: Routledge. The book detail states that the two communication model transmission and ritual play a significant role in the enhancement of the media platform. The transmission communication theory is the movement of information and has the function to transfer information within a society. McLuhan, E., McLuhan, M. (2011).Theories of communication. New York, NY: Lang. The book detail states that the ritual views theory states that the news story was not an appropriate or real information but a picture of contending forces in the society. Miller, K. (2007).Communication theories. Beijing: Peking University Press. The book detail states that the audiences can be influenced with the communication process and can change their decisions on the basis of the effectiveness of the communication. Samovar, L., Porter, R., MacDaniel, E. (2009).Intercultural communication. Belmont, Ca., [etc.]: Wadsworth Publishing Company. The book detail states that the media organizations use communication theories to attract large number of audiences and influences their views and conceptions. Severin, W., Tankard, J. (2014).Communication theories. Harlow: Pearson. The book detail states that the communication is considered as the most significant tool which is used by the organizations to convey their messages efficiently and appropriately to their audiences.

Animal Testing Essay Thesis Example For Students

Animal Testing Essay Thesis Medicines, household products, food, and basically everything involved in the life of an average person has to under go a form of testing before it islegal to be placed on a shelf and if available to the public. The same tests are performed on every medical procedure that is introduced to surgeons. Since the only way to directly mimic the human body is to use it itself, scientists were forced to find the closest and best alternative. That is where animals were introduced to the medical profession. Experimentation on animals date back to as early as 500 BC, making this form of medical validation one of the oldest known to humans. It is not only one of the oldest but one of the most informative. Scientists use animals in medical research to study how the body works and how to diagnose, cure, and prevent disease. Researchers also use animals for tests to try to protect the public from dangerous chemicals, (Day, 13) such as those included in detergents, bleach, and other household produc ts. When live animals are used in experimentation, this practice is called vivisection. Animals are used in many instances because their bodies often react in a similar way to that of a humans. Although animals have been used in medical research for numerous years it was not until the early 1920s that it became more prominent. It was at this point that the introduction of using live, un-anesthetized, animals to study toxic effects on an increasing array of drugs, pesticides and food additives was introduced. After this great advance in medical research the results of using animals grew with leaps and bounds. In 1970 this process peaked with the use of millions of animals. Since then, according to the USDAs Animals Welfare Enforcement, 1,267,828 animals were used for medical purposes in 1998, which is more than a 50 percent decrease since 1970. Although this is a drastic drop in animals used there have been many medical advances; virtually every medical break through this century has come about as the result of research with animals. (Office of Technology) Of the many animals used for experiments, about 90 percent of the animals used are rats, mice and other rodents. Animals such as these are used for two reasons, one because they are readily available upon request, and two because they are cheap which helps aid the large cost of animals experimentation. Although it has been proven, that in many cases, rats and mice are not an accurate subject to test medicines on; their popularity has only grown larger. Mechanize (a travel sickness drug) caused severe deformities in rats, but not in humans, whereas Thalidomide (a sedative drug) caused no reaction in rats but cause deformities in humans. This is only one of the many cases where mice and rats have been found as faulty test subjects. With the wide range of animals that are available, the tests the are used on them are even vaster. The tests are broken down into many different categories, which allows scientists t o zero in on certain areas of testing and to specify results. The largest and most useful area of testing is called Toxicity Testing. In toxicity tests, animals are generally exposed to chemicals in ways that are meant to mimic human exposure, by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact and contact with the eyes. The type of animals used in this field include rodents, dogs, cats, fish, birds (chickens, hens, pigeons) rabbits, frogs, pigs, sheep, and primates. Toxicity testing is aimed at providing information, which can be used to attempt to protect society and the environment against the harmful effects of chemicals. (Boyd, 184) Eye irritancy tests, the largest and most controversial area in toxcity testing, began in 1920. It was introduced because soldiers were exposed to mustard gas in World War I, their eyes began to burn and some lost sight. To understand what the effects of the mustard gas more clearly scientist used rabbits as their test subjects. They would force they eyes of the rabbit open and let mustard gas fester for days, they would then compare their findings to the effects on humans. 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