Internet addiction among college students

Internet addiction among college students Problem description With the advent of the internet, the process of communication and social networking underwent major changes. It became much easier for individuals to link up with each other both by text chatting and by audiovisual ways. Social networking websites such as Facebook came up to help individuals trace and regain contact with friends with whom they had lost contact.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internet addiction among college students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook has been described as a basic directory on the internet which had originally been designed to help college students connect with each other via various social networks established in their respective schools (Baron, 2009). Since its inception over six years ago, the site has spread rapidly to a point where it can boast of over thirty million users spread over different walks of life. Unfortunately, Facebook was designed in su ch a way that it requires individuals to constantly log in to their accounts in order to check whether they have received messages or establish new friendships by responding to friend requests (Cohen, 2009). Facebook in particular has received a lot of following particularly from young adults especially since it provides a platform for creating social groups among individuals irrespective of the distance between them. As it is, this networking site has led to some form of addiction with college students dedicating a lot of their time on the site chatting and viewing friends’ photos. The situation has become so critical that various health care professionals have launched investigations into the medical problems associated with the Facebook addiction. Research into the problem A recent research conducted at the school of medicine in Stanford University came to the conclusion than one out of every American citizens exhibited symptoms internet addiction and that the treatment of such addiction was no different than the treatment of drug junkies (Hayes, 2010). The head of the study Dr. Elias Aboujaoude described the internet addiction as one that causes the patient to always want to get online even when they are not particularly looking for anything (Dickey, 2007). This was well equated with the impulsive drive to partake in an a pleasurable activity associated with drug and hard drug addiction.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Like with other forms of addiction, internet/Facebook addiction also leads to problems at both a personal and professional level. This brings about challenges that can negatively intrude in a person’s life. According to Dr. David Greenfield of the Center for internet studies, students have come to testify that they tend to spend a lot of time on Facebook at the expense of their studies. It however has not been establis hed whether such an addiction is a medical problem on its own or it is a manifestation of indwelling psychological challenges such as depression (Fenichel, 2009). One study trying to establish the impact of Facebook addiction on the performance of college going students surveyed a total of 217 students from a United States college. Individuals were subjected to both open and closed question and answer sessions (Fenichel, 2009).. It was concluded that individuals who regularly spent time on Facebook performed poorly in school. The research also established that individuals who did not use Facebook regularly dedicated more time to working for pay as their counterparts spent time engaging in extracurricular activities. Most of the regular Facebook users believed that the habit did not have a genuine negative effect on their lives. this was the position even with most of them confessing to having developed time management challenges as a result of spending a lot of time on Facebook (Dic key, 2007). Facebook addiction can be described by a number of symptoms including the constant urge to get online , dedicating very many hours to chatting and going through people’s profiles on Facebook, unending talks about knowledge acquired from Facebook, giving up important activities in order to spend time on Facebook as well as the continual resignation to Facebook temptations even when it is clear that this is problematic (Hayes, 2010). According to netaddiction.com females are more likely to be addicted to Facebook’s chatting application and this leads them to develop conditions such as insomnia and depression associated to large amounts of time spent in this activity. How companies and educational facilities are dealing with the issue Companies and educational facilities have come to point out Facebook addiction as a serious threat to performance in their institutions. This is because of the negative effect of procrastination that regular Facebook usage can le ad to. As such usage of the networking site has been banned in many enterprises. To ensure that workers and students don’t fall to the temptation, various firewall software have been used to block access to the website (Baron, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internet addiction among college students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some institutions have even made it a point to note in their company laws that Facebook access during office hours is an offence that could lead to job termination. Scholars have however suggested that this type of ban could in the long-run be detrimental to the general growth of companies mainly because it has been established that many clients turn to Facebook when looking for bargains on products or service provision experts. Summary and recommendations The creators of Facebook may have had good intentions when they first launched the site. However, like anything good, F acebook has its weakness top on the list being the addictive tendencies. College students have particularly been proven to be more vulnerable to this sort of addiction. Even though, it has not been established as a medical condition, current research leans towards the suggestion that addiction to social networking sites has its own trailer challenges including illnesses such as depression (Cohen, 2009). Various recommendations have been made on how to handle cases of Facebook addiction. However, it must be noted that getting out of any habit mainly depends on the will of the person. Individuals must first have the desire to quit excessive Facebook usage (Baron, 2009). Effort should then be made to ensure that a strict time management is developed to enable the individual distinguish clearly what should be done and at what time. It is definitely advisable that the schedule include at least a few hours to login to Facebook because at the end of the day the aim is not to put the person in total isolation. The college should definitely employ the usage of Facebook blocking firewall software particularly in classroom and library computers. This will help students concentrate on assigned tasks as it will make it impossible to give in to the urge of accessing the Facebook website. Method used in conducting the research The research was primarily based on secondary data. Data was extracted from various journals, articles on the internet. The criteria of selection for the literature was the relevance to the research topic as well as the year of publication. Both public and private online libraries were visited to access the data. Facebook problem being a modern day challenge could not be effectively analysed without obtaining information from real case scenarios. Various college and work environments were studied to find out how the issue is being dealt with. This definitely made for some interesting research and it effectively came round to form the back-born of the r eport.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was very crucial information that made the research report appeal to both professionals and the general public. For the latter, it may require that some of the information collected be broken down into simple language and at the same time illustrations drawn from the common and familiar situations to further explain the case. Empirical data was collected from recent studies and numbers and figures used to show the illustrate the seriousness of the situation. Like with any other professional field of study, institution management research has to be conducted in such a way that the offer credibility to the practitioner. In such a field, the strength of any report lies in the figures provided to support theoretical data and particularly the numbers obtained from real life scenarios to support collected evidence. With this knowledge in mind, effort was made to obtain relevant information to the particular topic in question and this was accompanied by proper citations. Summary and r ecommendations The creators of Facebook may have had good intentions when they first launched the site. However, like anything good, Facebook has its weakness top on the list being the addictive tendencies. College students have particularly been proven to be more vulnerable to this sort of addiction. Even though, it has not been established as a medical condiction, current research leans towards the suggestion that addiction to social networking sites has its own trailer challenges including illnesses such as depression (Cohen, 2009). Various recommendations have been made on how to handle cases of Facebook addiction. However, it must be noted that getting out of any habit mainly depends on the will of the person. Individuals must first have the desire to quit excessive Facebook usage (Baron, 2009). Effort should then be made to ensure that a strict time management is developed to enable the individual distinguish clearly what should be done and at what time. It is definitely advis able that the schedule include at least a few hours to login to Facebook because at the end of the day the aim is not to put the person in total isolation. The college should definitely employ the usage of Facebook blocking firewall software particularly in classroom and library computers. This will help students concentrate on assigned tasks as it will make it impossible to give in to the urge of accessing the Facebook website. It is also recommended that the college invests in provision of time management sessions to students with the aim of instilling a culture of discipline amongst the students. This is in appreciation of the fact that at the end of the day, an individual can give up an addiction as long as he/she is committed to dropping the habit. Reference List Baron, D. (2009). Internet addiction: deadly pathology or just a nice substitute for TV? Retrieved from https://illinois.edu/db/view/25/6994 Cohen, E. (2009). Five clues that you are addicted to Facebook. Retrieved fro m http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/23/ep.facebook.addict/index.html Dickey, M. (2007). New internet danger: Unhealthy obsession (2/07). Retrieved from thelowell.org/opinion/35-oped/2061-new-internet-danger-unhealthy-obsession-207 Fenichel, M. (2009). Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD). Retrieved from fenichel.com/facebook/ Hayes, C. (2010). Irish politician believes Facebook addiction causes mental health issues. Retrieved from irishcentral.com/advice/Irish-politician-believes-Facebook-addiction-causes-mental-health-issues-95262589.html

A Pro Life Philosophy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Pro Life Philosophy Paper - Essay Example Yet, the strongest critics of abortion come from the community of Christianity. How do we reconcile that what is basically an atheist philosophy falls in line with traditional Christianity on being pro-life The reason lies in the misconception that religion has held over the centuries that it is the sole province of morality. However, where religion has surrendered the responsibility for morality to an ever-present God, Epicurian philosophy dictates that the responsibility lies within the self. The fault with abortion is not political, social, or religious. It is the internal anxiety we feel about the issue. This is critical. There is no one that is pro-abortion. They may agree that the right should exist, but they can not argue that the specific action is valid. Abortion causes pain and a life filled with the anxiety of having terminated what may have been a child. It is not God that will judge you for this, it will be your own self doubts. What was most important in Epicurus' philosophy of nature was the overall conviction that our life on this earth comes with no strings attached; that there is no Maker whose puppets we are; that there is no script for us to follow and be constrained by; that it is up to us to discover the real constraints which our own nature imposes on us. Blinded by this disassociation... It is because this is the life there is and this is the one that matters. "Not because God has decreed that such things are 'immoral', but because it is stupid to do anything that would cause you to worry about anything." (Inwood and Gerson). If we knew that our actions would never be revealed, we might do anything. We would have no worry about consequences and we could be as immoral as we chose. However, social norms dictate behaviors that people will find out, we will be uncovered, and we will be left standing naked against the wind of truth. If God does not exist and there is no future judgment, what purpose does a moral life have Konstan illustrates the philosophy when he says, "Where law obtains, Epicurus indicates, it is preferable not to commit crimes, even secret ones, since there will always be anxiety over the possibility of detection, and this will disrupt the tranquillity or ataraxy that is the chief basis of happiness in life". So how does this relate to abortion At the most basic level, abortion takes place at the very beginning of life and as such is central to our anxirty. Critics of the pro-life stance point to individual privacy and the right to remain independent. The capitalist viewpoint is expressed as,A fetus does not have a right to be in the womb of any woman, but is only in there by her permission. The woman may revoke this permission at any time. Rights are not permissions; permissions are not rights. The woman gives this permission, because it is her body -- and not the fetus's body, and certainly not the government's body ("Abortion is pro-life") Though this is an undeniable truth, the consequences will still haunt you. The anxiety that we seek to

Wk2Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk2Journal - Assignment Example The vision of UNICEF is to develop a better world, where every individual can live a better life, while using the technology, skills, information and processes that are required to generate their individual solutions. The mission statement of UNICEF mainly talks about securing the rights of the children so that their basic needs are met and the children can develop their full potential under the best possible opportunities (UNICEF -1, 2013). Though the activities of UNICEF are quite broad in nature, however it is mostly focused on child survival, education, gender equality, policy development and partnerships. The funding of UNICEF is dependent on financial support from the governments as well various private donations. UNICEF is recognized as a not for profit organization and hence is exempt from tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (UNICEF -2, 2013). The challenges for UNICEF comprises of its ability to spread education and equality, fighting HIV and Aids and pr otecting children from violence. Through usage of strong data backed reports, the organization is trying to develop better policies, which will help in tackling the challenges. The organization faced a major crisis in 2012, when 1.1 million African children below the age of 5, faced the danger of acute malnutrition. The organization used social media for advocacy and fund raising activities and thereby successfully provided the needed treatment to over 920,000 children (UNICEF, 2012, p. 8). Apple is a US based multinational company, which is headquartered in California. Talking about a brief history of the organization, it can be said that the organization was founded in the year 1975 under the name of Apple Computers by the legendary Steve Jobs. The vision of apple is to be the global leader in innovation. The new mission statement talks about the company’s focus to simplify and gain perfection in its

Symbolism in a Life Journey Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in a Life Journey Essay In the two short stories, â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty and† I Used to Live Here Once† by Jean Rhys, Symbolism within their Journey is used to describe an experience in life. The two authors use very similar methods to tell their story as well as journeys through their life. They were both written in third person point of view, and focus on the journey of a woman. â€Å"A Worn Path† and â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† both involve a main character, in both it is a woman, and other characters along with symbols and setting that help draw out traits of the main character and add meaning to the theme as their journey unfolds. While â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† is about someone past death already, â€Å"A Worn Path† is similar in that Phoenix is fighting old age and death. A motif will also describe two opposing forces; the battle between good and evil. The writing styles of Eudora Welty and Jean Rhys will be compared to one another in order to take a closer look at what methods and styles were used to convey meaning in their stories. Basic information about the two authors will also be covered in order to give some back ground to each story. The back ground of an author can give a reader an idea about what they may have been seeing, or experiencing in life when they wrote the story. Eudora Welty was born on April 13, 1909 in Jackson, Mississippi. Welty went to multiple Universities such as Mississippi College for Women and the University of Wisconsin where she studied English Literature. She also studied advertising at Columbia University in New York. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and was the first living author to have her work published with the Library of America. She was also a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, on top of won Guggenheim Fellowships. (MDAH, 2003). Her short story, â€Å"A Worn Path† was published in 1941 and was known and one of her greatest works. â€Å"A Worn Path† is a short story involving an elderly black woman, Phoenix Jackson, and her journey through the woods to get medicine for her sick grandson. Her grandson had swallowed lye a few years prior. The author uses setting and character to give the reader an understanding of the story. Throughout her journey she experiences many obstacles that may deter her from continuing on her journey into town. Phoenix’s sacrificial love shines, when she faces these with bravery and wisdom and continues on her way. In the story â€Å"A Worn Path† Phoenix is one that endures many challenges. She is a symbol of perseverance, stamina, and life when faced with hardship and struggle. The story has a mythological tone to it. A Phoenix is an sacred Egyptian bird that symbolizes resurrection. A Phoenix is also a symbol for great longevity, and rebirth (Ferber, 1999). According to Ferber, â€Å"It can [also] symbolize the death and resurrection of Christ or of a Christian soul. cited in Ferber, 1999). Phoenix, according to our text, symbolizes renewal; and her blue aged eyes, age symbolizes peacefulness. (cited in Clugston, 2010). The story is set during the Christmas season and has some Christian symbolism as well. Her selfless devotion to her grandson can be interpreted as representing the true spirit of giving and sacrificial love. Christmas is the â€Å"birth† of the sun ou t of darkness (Ferber, 1999). Similar to Phoenix, Christmas is a symbol for birth, the birth of Christ. Within â€Å"A Worn Path† there is also a lot of symbols for death. When Phoenix makes it through the barbed-wire, she feels safe, but ironically is surrounded by symbols of death; â€Å"Big dead trees, like black men with one arm. † (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, paragraph 16). She also sees a buzzard, which a symbol of death (buzzards, eats the dead). As she continues along her journey, she passes through dead corn, and even believes to see a ghost. Phoenix responds, who be you the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by. (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, paragraph 23). Many of the symbols throughout the story can be obvious, but many are not. Not only Phoenix being an elder lady, but many other things points to Phoenix living through slavery. One example is the symbolism of the marble cake. After she crosses the creek and sits down, she notices a boy who looks to be offering her a slice of marble-cake on a plate. However, when Phoenix reached for the cake, she realized she was just grabbing at the air. The marble-cake could be a symbol of a future with no racism because of the two colors swirled together within the cake: black and white. In her old age she is also in touch with nature. There are many times she talks to the animals. She yells out, â€Å"Out of my way all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and whild animal! Keep out from under these feet, little bob-whites. Keep the bi wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none of those come running my direction . I got a long way. † (cited in Clugston, 2010). The elderly Phoenix Jackson has a great amount of love for her grandson. The story emphasizes her devotion and love to the little boy because she never stopped or turned around when faced with a problem. Many points throughout her journey, she stops and speaks to herself in short bursts on monologue, almost as a pep talk to herself. One conflict Phoenix encounters is after falling into a ditch, a hunter helps her out, while his dog chases the other dog off. When the hunter is dealing with the dogs, Phoenix picks up a nickel that he had dropped. He then tells her to go home, because walking into town was to far for her. She refuses to listen and tells the hunter that she set out to go to town, and that is where she is going to go. The hunter points his gun at her, and â€Å"she stood straight up and faced him† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path, paragraph 51). Surprisingly, she was not scared. When he seen she wasn’t nervous, he asked if the gun scared her and she replied â€Å"No, sir, I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done,† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path, paragraph 53). â€Å"A Worn Path† shows the love and devotion that a grandmother has towards her grandchild(ren). It shows how a person can be undaunted by the various problems that they may encounter in there walk through life. It also touches on the racism issue that has plagued Mississippi for several generations. It shows the poverty of the elderly woman. The story describes the elderly woman’s devotion to her grandson in fine detail. Jean Rhys’ birth name was Gwendolyn Rees Williams. Rhys was born in the West Indies, in Roseau, Dominica on August 24, 1890. She completed schooling in England while living with her aunt. She later got married and lived in Europe. She had multiples failed marriages, as well as a son that died at a young age, as well as a daughter. Jean Rhys later died in Exeter, England on May 14, 1979 (Savory, 1998). While attending school in England she was constantly teased because of her accent and because she was considered an outsider. Her parents wanted her to return to the Caribbean and she refused. She worked as a chorus girl using the names Vivienne, Emma, or Ella Gray. During her life she experienced several problems. She had a son that died young, a daughter, and was married three times with none of the marriages going well. Jean Rhys died in Exeter, England on May 14, 1979 (Savory, 1998) Rhys’ writing were supported by a famous English author Ford Maddox Ford. Many of her writings reflected mistreated and helpless females from when she was growing up. She was also dealt with depression and faced many trials and tribulations that contributed to her work. While living in England, Rhys may have dealt with issues of feeling out of place. She was teased and picked on because of her accent. This could have led her to also feel like she is stuck in between two worlds similar to what her character in â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† did. Jean Rhys’ short story, I Used to Live Here Once, was published in 1979. The author uses setting and character throughout the story. The story speaks of a woman visiting her old home. She visits the pond, describing each stone in detail. She then sees children playing and attempts to interact with them, although they do not respond. In the end, the use of characters helps conclude the story, showing the narrators view was from beyond death. When the woman approached the house she felt excited and noticed that some things were missing or were still there just like she remembered when she lived there. She started to feel strange when she noticed a car parked in front of the house (Clugston, 2010). When the woman gets to the house there are two white children playing and she attempts to tell them that she had lived there once. She said hello to the children three times (Clugston, 2010). The children didn’t acknowledge her. In the end, the main question is why the children ignored her. It seems like the woman is a ghost and did not realize it. Jean Rhys did not have a very strong attachment to where she grew up. Dominica was still somewhat important to her throughout her life because she often wrote about it in her work. While she was living in Dominica, she was cut off from the Creole community. Maybe she was writing herself into the story to show how she felt disconnected throughout her life. She was close enough to the children that she could have touched them. She stretched her arms out wanting to touch them. The young boy turned with his gray eyes and looked straight into her eyes. He said, â€Å"hasn’t it gone cold all of a sudden† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once, Paragraph 8). He suggested to the little girl that they go inside the house and she agreed. When the author mentions â€Å"cold†, this is a clue that the character is dealing with life after death. Many people say, when there is a ghost around, it is cold. As the woman watched the children run over the grass to the house she dropped her arms to her sides. The story ends with the statement â€Å"that was the first time she knew† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once, Paragraph 11). That statement alone gives the impression that she is either dead and has just realized it and she feels very alienated. Throughout the story, there are several subtle hints that lead the reader to think the woman is dead. The two short stories that were written by Eudora Welty â€Å"A Worn Path† and by Jean Rhys â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† both show the symbolism of a journey through life. Eudora Welty goes into fine detail in describing the elderly woman’s love and devotion for her grandson in â€Å"A Worn Path†. Jean Rhys uses the experiences and feelings that she has had in her life to set the mood in her story â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once†. The two authors use very similar methods in telling their stories. Both women use the experience of a journey as a symbol of their life experience. Throughout these two stories, multiple symbols are used to explain both life and death. In A Worn Path Phoenix is an elderly women who has lived a life of wisdom and experience. Phoenix shows sacrificial love when she faces many obstacles, none of which stop her from doing what she can to help her grandson. However, on the other hand, there is a lot more left unknown in I Used to Live Here Once. The two short stories that are told in third person, deal with death in one way or another. Phoenix faces multiple signs of death throughout her journey into the city. The women in â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† seems to be past death already, and is facing the realization that she is no longer living.

The Naming of Domino Park in Miami :: Little Havana Cuban Community

The Naming of Domino Park Domino Park resides in one of the predominantly Cuban districts of the greater Miami area. It is located on the corner of Calle Ocho and fifteenth-avenue in Little Havana. Domino Park is a gathering place for the men and women of Little Havana. They have congregated in the mini-park for years, challenging each other to domino games. Although players sometimes choose to challenge each other to games of chess, the main staple of the park is dominos. The park received its nickname, Domino Park, for that very reason. Before the construction of Domino Park, which occurred in 1976, the men of Little Havana played dominos on the corner of fifteenth-avenue. They would sit directly across from the Tower Theater and played well into the night. Originally, the players used shaky tables and a rigged, lighting system. The city of Miami spent $115,000 to build the park's magnificent architecture. Beth Dunlop, of the Miami Herald, offers the following description of Domino Park in her January 6, 1983, article, "Don't Fence in Domino Park": There are two barrel-tile-roofed pavilions, really just to give shade from the sun and shelter from the rain, and a matching storage shed, which houses the rest rooms as well. And then there's the main event- tables, set, as the pavilions are, at an angle to the street corner. The arrangement of the tables and pavilions is the key to the park's architecture, and it serves two purposes here, both important: Angling them to open out onto the street corner is essentially Cuban, suggestive of Havana, and it is also an effective way to squeeze a lot of domino players into a tiny space. (C2) Dunlop's focus on the nostalgic touches inherent within the architecture of the park is particularly important.

Calorimetry and Hess’s Law Essay

Elemental magnesium is one of the principal components of flares used to illuminate nighttime activities, or to aid in signaling one’s location to aircraft and ships. Your instructor may ignite a strip of magnesium ribbon to demonstrate the combustion of magnesium in air. It will be evident that a great deal of light energy is released from this reaction. A direct method for measuring the heat produced by this reaction would be difficult, so we shall resort to an indirect method in this experiment as discussed below. Some chemical reactions (including the one above) are associated with the evolution of thermal energy and are called exothermic reactions. When there is absorption of energy in a chemical reaction, the process is called endothermic. The magnitude of the energy change is determined by the particular reaction as well as the amount of product(s) formed. The thermal energy transferred in a balanced chemical reaction carried out at constant pressure is called the enthalpy of reaction (or heat of reaction) and is  given the symbol ΔHrxn. ΔHrxn is often expressed in units of kJ/mole where mole refers to the amount of a reactant or a product involved in the reaction. In general, the reactant or product must be specified. In this experiment, you will measure the enthalpy changes of several exothermic reactions utilizing a simple calorimeter. This calorimeter consists of an insulated vessel (a Styrofoam cup), a thermometer, and a lid (which is loose fitting to allow the pressure to remain constant. The energy given off by any reaction carried out in the calorimeter is absorbed by both the calorimeter and the solvent (water). This causes an increase in the temperature of the calorimeter and solvent that can be me asured by a thermometer. The heat that is absorbed by the calorimeter and solvent is calculated from the equation: qcal = C â‹… ΔT (1) where C is the heat capacity of the calorimeter and solvent, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water (the solvent) in the calorimeter. Heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1  °C. In this experiment, the vessel and the amount of solvent remain constant, so C is a constant. Enthalpy is an extensive quantity, so the amount of heat generated by the reaction is given by the expression: qrxn = n â‹… ΔH (2)  where n is the number of moles of a specific reactant or product and ΔH is the enthalpy change of the reaction in kJ/mol. Since the energy of the universe is conserved, the total energy change of the system (the reaction) and surroundings (calorimeter and solvent) is equal to zero. These relationships can be combined as shown in equation (3). qsystem + qsurroundings = qreaction + qcalorimeter = n⋅ΔH + C⋅ΔT = 0 (3) This equation can be rearranged to determine either C or ΔH as shown in equations (4) and (5). C = − n⋅ΔH/ΔT (4) ΔH = − C⋅ΔT/n (5) For exothermic reactions, ΔH < 0 and ΔT > 0. The main experimental problem in any calorimetric measurement is obtaining an  accurate value of ΔT. The initial temperature, Ti, of the reactants can be determined directly using a thermometer. However, it is difficult to obtain a precise value for the final temperature, Tf (the instantaneous temperature when the reactants are mixed together and react), because (1) reactions do not occur instantaneously, and (2) calorimeters are not perfectly insulating, but actually allow some heat energy to slowly enter or escape from the calorimeter over time. This occurs both during the reaction and after its completion. If an exothermic reaction occurs in a hypothetical calorimeter that is perfectly insulated, all of the heat produced by the reaction will remain in the calorimeter, resulting in a constant final temperature. This would yield the same ΔT whether or not the reaction is instantaneous. Now consider a hypothetical exothermic reaction that occurs instantaneously, but in a realistic calorimeter that is not perfectly insulated. In this case, the temperature of the calorimeter would diminish over time due to the gradual escape of heat energy to the surroundings. ï€  The â€Å"final† temperature to be used in determining ΔT in this case is actually the maximum temperature reached immediately after reaction occurs, since this temperature change is due exclusively to the heat produced in the reaction, and no escaping of heat to the surroundings has occurred yet. For real calorimeter experiments, reactions neither occur instantaneously nor are calorimeters perfectly insulated. Thus, during an exothermic reaction the temperature of the calorimeter increases initially, but never has a chance to reach the correct maximum â€Å"final† temperature since heat is escaping to the surroundings even while the reaction is proceeding toward completion. A correction for this heat exchange is made by an extrapolation process using the temperature vs. time curve (see Figure 1). First, a plot of the temperature readings as a function of time for the reaction is generated. By extrapolating only the linear portion of the curve (e.g., the points including and after the maximum temperature) back to zero time (the time when the reactants were mixed in the calorimeter), Tf is obtained. The Tf value determined in this manner will be the temperature that the calorimeter and the solvent would have reached, had the reaction occurred instantaneously and with no heat exchange to the room. This value should be used for the calculation of change in temperature, ΔT. Consult with your TA for specific instructions for extrapolation using Microsoft Excel. A. Determination of the Enthalpy of Combustion of Mg Using Hess’s Law The calorimeter will be used to determine the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium by application of Hess’s law. Consider the following reactions: (a) H2(g) +  ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) ΔHa = − 285.84 kJ/mole (b) Mg(s) + 2 H+ (aq) → Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g) ΔHb (c) Mg2+ (aq) + H2O (l) → MgO (s) + 2 H+ (aq) ΔHc By adding equations (a), (b), and (c) we obtain (d) Mg (s) +  ½ O2 (g) → MgO (s) ΔHrxn = ΔHa + ΔHb + ΔHc which represents the combustion of Mg(s). Reaction (a) represents the formation of liquid water from its constituent elements. The enthalpy change for this reaction, symbolized ΔHa above, is the standard heat of formation of liquid water (or ΔHf (H2O)) and is a known quantity. ΔHb and ΔHc will be determined experimentally by measuring the temperature rise when known masses of magnesium metal and magnesium oxide, respectively, are added to hydrochloric acid. Reaction (c) as written is an endothermic reaction. Since it is easier to perform the reverse (exothermic) reaction, the data you collect will be of opposite sign to that needed for the Hess’s law calculation for reaction (d). When data from your analysis is correctly combined with that for the known reaction (a), the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium metal can be obtained. PROCEDURE: Note: Handle the Styrofoam cups gently. They will be used by other lab sections! A. Determination of the Enthalpy of Combustion of Magnesium Reaction of Magnesium Metal and Hydrochloric Acid 1. Using the graduated cylinder, add 50.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl to the empty calorimeter. Wait for a few minutes to allow the set-up to reach thermal  equilibrium. 2. While waiting, determine the mass of a sample of magnesium ribbon (about 0.15 g) on the analytical balance, and then wrap it with a piece of copper wire. The copper will not react in the solution; its purpose is to prevent the magnesium from floating to the surface during the reaction. Do not wrap the magnesium too tightly or it will not react quickly enough with the HCl solution. Do not wrap the magnesium too loosely since it may escape the copper â€Å"cage† and float. 3. Using LoggerPro, start a run of 500 seconds with the temperature probe in the 1.0 M HCl in the calorimeter (with lid). 4. The magnesium/copper bundle is added to the HCl solution. Replace the lid with the thermometer in place, and begin swirling to mix. Be sure to support the temperature probe. Continue swirling and collecting data and record about 300 seconds or until the temperature starts decreasing. This will provide the linear part of the curve, and are the most important points for the extrapolation procedure. 5. When data collection is completed, rinse the calorimeter and thermometer with distilled water and dry as completely as possible. Place the piece of copper in the container labeled â€Å"copper waste.† B. Reaction of Magnesium Oxide and Hydrochloric Acid 1. Place 50.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl into a clean graduated cylinder. 2. On a top-loading balance, transfer approximately 0.7 to 0.8 g of MgO to a clean weighing boat (no need to record this mass). Next, determine the mass of the MgO and the weighing boat on the analytical balance and record the data. Transfer the MgO to the dry calorimeter. 3. On the analytical balance, record the mass of the â€Å"empty† weighing boat after the transfer and calculate the mass of MgO actually transferred to the calorimeter. 4. Record the initial temperature (Ti) of the 1.0 M HCl solution in the graduated cylinder. 5. Note the time (time = zero) and add the 50.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl to the calorimeter containing the MgO. 7-8 points after the temperature maximum. In this reaction all the MgO should react since HCl is used in excess. However, if the solid MgO is allowed to sit on the bottom or sides of the cup it will not dissolve and hence it will not react. Make sure the solution is mixed constantly but gently. (NOTE: Before discarding this solution, check to see that all of the MgO has reacted. If solid MgO remains, the results from this portion of the experiment are not accurate. If any solid is present, this portion of the experiment must be repeated.)  6. When data collection is completed, rinse the calorimeter and thermometer with distilled water and dry as completely as possible.

The Meaning Of Life In Tuesdays With Morrie By Mitch Albom

Well the truth is, if you really listen to that bird on your shoulder, if you accept that you can die at any time, then you might not be as ambitious as you are (Albom, 83) is a quote told by the protagonist who’s body is decaying due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and has come to terms with his disease and upcoming death. In the story â€Å"Tuesdays with Morrie† by Mitch Albom, the protagonist Morrie Schwartz impacts thousands of lives. Morrie Schwartz, a sociology professor who developed ALS, feels the need to share his words of wisdom on the meaning of life through taking pride in the way he has lived, making use of his experiences, and being optimistic about his upcoming death. Morrie was an inspiration for many as he took pride in†¦show more content†¦Using experiences to grow more and more each day is something Morrie took pride in. Proffesor Schwartz spoke of experience when he said, â€Å"The truth is, you dont get satisfaction from those things. You know what really gives you satisfaction? What? Offering others what you have to give† (Albom, 127). This was said when he explained to Mitch that money needs to stop being the people’s priority and that one’s focus should be on their loved ones. Morrie has learned that materialistic items do not bring him happiness more than his family does. He once told Mitch the following statement: â€Å"If you are trying to show off for people at the top forget it. They will look down at you anyhow. And if youre trying to show off for people at the bottom, forget it. They will only envy you. Status will get you nowhere. Only an open heart will allow you to float equally between everyone (A lbom, 127). This means people will always find a flaw and the only way to surpass everyone is through love. Morrie gave and received love continuously, therefore when his time had come, many of the people he has touched visited him and showed their gratitude. Mae West had said, â€Å"You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough†. She explains that doing what needs to be done to gladden the heart, will lead to a satisfied and fulfilled life of little to no regrets. Those who lead their life with little regrets, will be somewhatShow MoreRelated Old Professor New Lessons Tuesdays with Morrie Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesOld Professor New Lessons Tuesdays with Morrie Thesis: In the novel Tuesdays with Morrie, Mitch Aldom gains a new understanding on lifes lessons taught by his old professor Morrie. Old Professor-New Lessons Mitch Albom attended many classes taught by Morrie Schwartz during his years at Brandeis University, but he does not attempt to learn the meaning of life until he is in his forties. The knowledge of his favorite professors illness forces Mitch to rekindle an old friendship. 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One of his former students sitting thousands of miles away in Michigan stumbled upon this episode of â€Å"Nightline† on the television by chance and most likely by fate. This student, Mitch Album, decides to pay a visit to his favorite tutor in quiet suburbRead MoreDeath and Dying: Lifes Greatest Lesson (Tuesdays with Morrie)1578 Words   |  6 PagesTuesdays with Morrie revolves around the transcendent student-mentor relationship between Mitchell Albom, a workaholic sports writer and his former Sociology professor Morrie Schwartz. During his college years, Mitch develops a student-mentor relationship with his professor Morrie which quickly becomes a close friendship. However, in spite of assurances to the contrary, Mitch neglects to stay in touch with Morrie. 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